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      Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) sampled in the Cananéia estuary, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Thirty specimens (15 adults and 15 juveniles) of Chelonia mydas found in the Cananéia estuary in the state of São Paulo on the southeastern Brazilian coast between January 2005 and September 2006, were analyzed The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Ni in liver and kidney samples of adult and juvenile green turtles were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.The average Cd concentration found in adult livers (0.57µg.g-1) was significantly higher than that in juveniles (0.279µg.g-1). Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the liver than in the kidney, and significantly higher in adults (39.9µg.g-1) than in juveniles (20.7µg.g-1) Average Mn concentrations in liver and kidney did not differ between adults (4.32 and 4.17µg.g-1) and juveniles (4.81 and 3.82µg.g-1), whereas Ni concentrations in adults (0.28 and 0.19µg.g-1, respectively) were significantly higher than in juveniles (0.13 and 0.089µg.g-1, respectively). Pb concentrations in liver were significantly higher in adults (0.37µg.g-1) than in juveniles (0.06µg.g-1). The concentrations of essential trace elements in Chelonia mydas were generally comparable to values reported in other, similar studies. With respect to non-essential metals (Cd, Pb and Ni), Chelonia mydas presented lower values than those reported for their northern Atlantic counterparts.

          Translated abstract

          Analisou-se 30 espécimes (15 adultos e 15 juvenis) de Chelonia mydas encontradas no estuário de Cananéia, Estado de São Paulo, região sudeste, durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a setembro de 2006. Foram determinados no fígado e rins de adultos e juvenis de C. mydas os seguintes metais: Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn e Ni, através de Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica. Verificou-se que as concentrações médias de Cd no fígado de adultos (0,957µg.g-1) foram significativamente diferentes em relação a dos juvenis (0,279µg.g-1). As concentrações médias de Cu no fígado de C. mydas foram diferentes em relação ao rim. Houve diferença também entre os fígados de adultos (39,9µg.g-1) e juvenis (20,7µg.g-1). Os valores médios de Mn encontrados no fígado e rim não diferiram entre adultos (4,32 e 4,17µg.g-1) e juvenis (4,81 e 3,82µg.g-1). Já as médias das concentrações de Ni no fígado e rins de adultos (0,28 e 0,19µg.g-1) foram diferentes das dos juvenis (0,13 e 0,089µg.g-1). Entretanto, as concentrações de Pb no fígado foram significativamente mais altas em adultos (0,37µg.g-1) do que nos juvenis (0,06µg.g-1). As concentrações dos elementos traços essenciais em C. mydas foram comparáveis aos valores registrados em outros estudos. Quanto aos metais não essenciais (Cd, Pb e Ni), C. mydas apresentou uma menor concentração em relação às registradas para o Atlântico Norte.

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          The chronic toxicity of aluminium, cadmium, mercury, and lead in birds: A review

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            Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean.

            Marine debris represents an important threat for sea turtles, but information on this topic is scarce in some areas, such as the Mediterranean sea. This paper quantifies marine debris ingestion in 54 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) illegally captured by fishermen in Spanish Mediterranean waters. Curved carapace length was measured, necropsies were performed and debris abundance and type was recorded. Different types of debris appeared in the gastrointestinal tract of 43 turtles (79.6%), being plastics the most frequent (75.9%). Tar, paper, Styrofoam, wood, reed, feathers, hooks, lines, and net fragments were also present. A regression analysis showed that the volume of debris increased proportionally to the size of the turtles. The high variety of debris found and the large differences in ingestion among turtles indicated low feeding discrimination of this species that makes it specially prone to debris ingestion. Our data suggest that more severe control of litter spills and greater promotion of environmental educational programmes are needed in the Western Mediterranean.
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              The chronic toxicity of aluminium, cadmium, mercury, and lead in birds: a review.

              The toxicity of chronic dietary metal exposure in birds is reviewed. It is concluded that significant physiological and biochemical responses to such exposure conditions occur at dietary metal concentrations insufficient to cause signs of overt toxicity. Particularly important are reproductive effects which include decreased egg production, decreased hatchability, and increased hatchling mortality. Young, growing birds are typically more sensitive to the toxic effects of chronic metal exposure than adults, and altricial species are often more sensitive than precocial species. Factors which modify the absorption and toxicity of heavy metals, such as Se for the case of Hg, and Ca for the case of Pb and Cd, are discussed. Monitoring strategies for assessing environmental metal exposure in birds are evaluated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjoce
                Brazilian Journal of Oceanography
                Braz. j. oceanogr.
                Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1679-8759
                1982-436X
                September 2009
                : 57
                : 3
                : 243-248
                Affiliations
                [01] Cananéia SP orgnameInstituto de Pesca Brasil
                Article
                S1679-87592009000300007 S1679-8759(09)05700307
                10.1590/S1679-87592009000300007
                165ca0aa-a82f-44cf-8289-bb54a6b2ec4b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 March 2009
                : 03 April 2009
                : 31 March 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Notes

                Concentração,Sea turtle,Kidney,Liver,Concentration,Chelonia mydas,Heavy metal,Green turtle,Tartaruga marinha,Rim,Fígado,Metal pesado,Tartaruga verde

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