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      Memoria traumática: estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas e inadaptativas Translated title: Traumatic Memories: Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Strategies

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          Abstract

          Resumen En este artículo se analiza la relación existente entre los recuerdos traumáticos y las posibles estrategias para hacerles frente. Los recuerdos traumáticos son difíciles de integrar en la biografía de las personas afectadas y pueden interferir de forma significativa en su funcionamiento social, académico y profesional. Se distingue psicopatológicamente entre los recuerdos normales y los recuerdos traumáticos. Asimismo se analizan las estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas, tales como la evitación cognitiva, la exposición terapéutica a los recuerdos traumáticos o la capacidad de perdón. Pero también hay un afrontamiento inadaptativo (nostalgia, sentimientos de odio y de venganza o conductas autodestructivas) que puede dar cuenta de las dificultades de recuperación en algunos pacientes. Por último, se examinan las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva y el papel de la resiliencia y del crecimiento postraumático para afrontar los recuerdos traumáticos. Se comentan las implicaciones de este estudio para investigaciones futuras en esta área.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract In this paper the relationship between traumatic memories and coping skills to deal with them is analyzed. Traumatic memories are difficult to be integrated into the survivor's life story and can significantly interfere with social, educational and occupational functioning. From a psychopathological point of view, a distinction between normal and traumatic memories is made. Adaptive coping skills to deal with traumatic memories, such as cognitive avoidance, therapeutic exposure to traumatic memories or forgiveness, are analyzed. But there is also maladaptive coping, such as nostalgia, hate and revenge feelings or self-destructive behaviors, which should be taken into account to explain the difficulties of recovery in some patients. Finally, the cognitive emotion regulation strategies and the role of resiliency and post-traumatic growth in some patients to cope with traumatic memories are examined. Implications of this study for future research in this field are commented upon.

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          Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?

          Many people are exposed to loss or potentially traumatic events at some point in their lives, and yet they continue to have positive emotional experiences and show only minor and transient disruptions in their ability to function. Unfortunately, because much of psychology's knowledge about how adults cope with loss or trauma has come from individuals who sought treatment or exhibited great distress, loss and trauma theorists have often viewed this type of resilience as either rare or pathological. The author challenges these assumptions by reviewing evidence that resilience represents a distinct trajectory from the process of recovery, that resilience in the face of loss or potential trauma is more common than is often believed, and that there are multiple and sometimes unexpected pathways to resilience. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
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            Counteracting loneliness: on the restorative function of nostalgia.

            Four studies tested whether nostalgia can counteract reductions in perceived social support caused by loneliness. Loneliness reduced perceptions of social support but increased nostalgia. Nostalgia, in turn, increased perceptions of social support. Thus, loneliness affected perceived social support in two distinct ways. Whereas the direct effect of loneliness was to reduce perceived social support, the indirect effect of loneliness was to increase perceived social support via nostalgia. This restorative function of nostalgia was particularly apparent among resilient persons. Nostalgia is a psychological resource that protects and fosters mental health.
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              Beyond resilience and PTSD: Mapping the heterogeneity of responses to potential trauma.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                terpsicol
                Terapia psicológica
                Ter Psicol
                Sociedad Chilena de Psicología Clínica (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-4808
                April 2019
                : 37
                : 1
                : 71-80
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología España
                [1] San Sebastián País Vasco orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco orgdiv1Facultad de Psicología Spain
                Article
                S0718-48082019000100071
                10.4067/S0718-48082019000100071
                17039426-39c0-4f60-9e68-2cdf05b682bf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 November 2018
                : 10 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                recuerdos traumáticos,post-traumatic growth,resiliency,maladaptive coping,adaptive coping skills,traumatic memories,crecimiento postraumático,resiliencia,afrontamiento inadecuado,estrategias de afrontamiento adaptativas

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