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      Systematics and phylogeny of Oecopetalum (Metteniusaceae), a genus of trees endemic to North and Central America

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El género Oecopetalum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps. (Metteniusaceae) se distribuye en el sureste de México y en América Central (Guatemala, Nicaragua y Costa Rica). Tres especies han sido descritas. Estudiamos especímenes de herbario de Oecopetalum y realizamos un análisis filogenético basado en los genes de los cloroplastos matK y ndhF para responder a las preguntas principales: ¿Cuántas especies hay en el género Oecopetalum? ¿Es Oecopetalum monofilético? ¿Cuáles son las relaciones genéricas con otros miembros de la familia? Oecopetalum es un género monofilético con solo dos especies y Pittosporosis es el grupo hermano. La relación transatlántica de Oecopetalum y Pittosporosis es un patrón geográfico recurrente en la familia Mettenuisaceae, así como en Icacinaceae. Nuestros resultados, en concordancia con la evidencia fósil y las relaciones de otros grupos, apoyan el modelo boreotropical de migraciones terrestres de táxones tropicales desde latitudes altas durante el Paleoceno-Eoceno, globalmente cálido.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Oecopetalum Greenm. & C.H. Thomps. (Metteniusaceae) is distributed in the southeastern portion of Mexico to Central America (Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica). Three species have been described. We studied herbarium specimens of the genus Oecopetalum and performed a phylogenetic analysis based on the plastid genes matK and ndhF to answer several major questions: How many species are in the genus Oecopetalum? Is Oecopetalum monophyletic, and how is the genus related to other members of the family? Our results indicate that Oecopetalum is monophyletic, with only two species, and sister to the Asian genus Pittosporopsis. The Trans-Atlantic relationship of Oecopetalum and Pittosporosis is a recurrent geographic pattern in the families Mettenuisaceae and Icacinaceae. Our results, in agreement the fossil record and previous phylogenetic studies, support the boreotropical model of high-latitude terrestrial migrations of tropical taxa during the globally warm Paleocene-Eocene.

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          MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space

          Since its introduction in 2001, MrBayes has grown in popularity as a software package for Bayesian phylogenetic inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. With this note, we announce the release of version 3.2, a major upgrade to the latest official release presented in 2003. The new version provides convergence diagnostics and allows multiple analyses to be run in parallel with convergence progress monitored on the fly. The introduction of new proposals and automatic optimization of tuning parameters has improved convergence for many problems. The new version also sports significantly faster likelihood calculations through streaming single-instruction-multiple-data extensions (SSE) and support of the BEAGLE library, allowing likelihood calculations to be delegated to graphics processing units (GPUs) on compatible hardware. Speedup factors range from around 2 with SSE code to more than 50 with BEAGLE for codon problems. Checkpointing across all models allows long runs to be completed even when an analysis is prematurely terminated. New models include relaxed clocks, dating, model averaging across time-reversible substitution models, and support for hard, negative, and partial (backbone) tree constraints. Inference of species trees from gene trees is supported by full incorporation of the Bayesian estimation of species trees (BEST) algorithms. Marginal model likelihoods for Bayes factor tests can be estimated accurately across the entire model space using the stepping stone method. The new version provides more output options than previously, including samples of ancestral states, site rates, site d N /d S rations, branch rates, and node dates. A wide range of statistics on tree parameters can also be output for visualization in FigTree and compatible software.
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            CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice

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              jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging.

              jModelTest is a new program for the statistical selection of models of nucleotide substitution based on "Phyml" (Guindon and Gascuel 2003. A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol. 52:696-704.). It implements 5 different selection strategies, including "hierarchical and dynamical likelihood ratio tests," the "Akaike information criterion," the "Bayesian information criterion," and a "decision-theoretic performance-based" approach. This program also calculates the relative importance and model-averaged estimates of substitution parameters, including a model-averaged estimate of the phylogeny. jModelTest is written in Java and runs under Mac OSX, Windows, and Unix systems with a Java Runtime Environment installed. The program, including documentation, can be freely downloaded from the software section at http://darwin.uvigo.es.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0034-7744
                0034-7744
                September 2019
                : 67
                : 4
                : 888-900
                Affiliations
                [4] Veracruz orgnameInstituto de Ecología Mexico sergio.avendano@ 123456inecol.mx
                [7] Yucatán orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Mexico roduno@ 123456cicy.mx
                [1] orgnameInstituto Politécnico Nacional orgdiv1Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas orgdiv2Departamento de Zoología Mexico hernandez_urban2010@ 123456yahoo.com.mx
                [5] Yucatán orgnameCentro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán Mexico loreca@ 123456cicy.mx
                [3] Veracruz orgnameInstituto de Ecología Mexico maite.lascurain@ 123456inecol.mx
                [2] Yucatán orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Yucatán orgdiv1Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias orgdiv2Departamento de Ecología Mexico diangulo@ 123456gmail.com
                [6] orgnameUniversity of Michigan orgdiv1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology United States gwstull@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0034-77442019000400888 S0034-7744(19)06700400888
                10.15517/rbt.v67i4.33367
                17901032-9cf5-4e70-81db-e3c1e1e52211

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 May 2018
                : 16 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículo

                Taxonomy,Phylogeny,Neotropics,Metteniusaceae,Icacinaceae,boreotropical hypothesis,taxonomía,Filogenia,Neotrópico,hipótesis boreotropical

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