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      Estimación de la relación de pérdida de suelo para el cultivo de colza (Brassica napus) a partir del modelo USLE/RUSLE en Uruguay Translated title: Estimation of Soil Loss Ratio for Rapeseed Crop (Brassica napus) from the USLE/RUSLE Model in Uruguay

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          Abstract

          Resumen: En Uruguay, desde 1981 existe un marco legal que declara de interés nacional promover y regular el uso y la conservación de los suelos y las aguas superficiales destinados a fines agropecuarios. En este marco se han implementado los «Planes de Uso y Manejo del Suelo» (PUMS) como norma técnica que regula el uso del suelo. En el cumplimiento de esta normativa, se estima la pérdida de suelo por erosión de determinado uso y manejo, con el programa EROSIÓN 6.0, basado en la USLE/RUSLE, en el que cada cultivo tiene su factor de Relación de Pérdida de Suelo (RPS). Para las condiciones de producción de Uruguay, el cultivo de colza (Brassica napus L.) no cuenta con el factor antes mencionado. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la RPS de colza, para cada periodo del cultivo (PC). Durante cuatro años se recolectaron datos en chacras comerciales y experimentales ubicadas en el litoral oeste de Uruguay. Los valores promedio de RPS obtenidos para el PC1, PC2, PC3 y PC4 fueron 0,142, 0,079, 0,032 y 0,040, respectivamente. La variabilidad de los valores de RPS en PC1 y PC4 fue explicada por la cobertura del suelo por residuos (CR) solamente (RPSPC1= 0,6772 e-0,028CR y RPSPC4= 0,4221 - 0,0091CR + 0,00005CR2, respectivamente), mientras que en PC2 y PC3 fue explicada por la CR más la cobertura aérea (CobA) del propio cultivo (RPSPC2 = 0,38 - 0,0049CR + 0,000019CR2 - 0,000018CobA2 y RPSPC3 = 0,225 - 0,00237CR - 0,00084CobA + 0,00001CR2, respectivamente).

          Translated abstract

          Summary: In Uruguay, since 1981 there is a legal framework by which it is declared of national interest to promote and regulate the use and conservation of soils and surface waters destinated to agricultural purposes. In this framework, the «Land Use and Management Plans» (PUMS) have been implemented as a technical norm that regulates land use. In compliance with this regulation, the loss of soil due to erosion of certain use and management is estimated with the EROSION 6.0 program, based on the USLE/RUSLE, in which each crop has its Soil Loss Ratio factor (RPS). For the production conditions of Uruguay, the rapeseed crop (Brassica napus L.) does not have the aforementioned factor. The objective of this work was to determine the RPS of rapeseed, for each crop period (CP). For four years data was collected from commercial farms and experimental sites located on the western coast of Uruguay. The average RPS values obtained for PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 were 0.142, 0.079, 0.032 and 0.040, respectively. The variability of the RPS values in PC1 and PC4, was explained by the soil cover by residues (CR) only (RPSPC1 = 0.6772e-0.028CR and RPSPC4 = 0.4221 - 0.0091CR + 0.00005CR2, respectively), while in PC2 and PC3 it was explained by the CR more air coverage (CobA) of the crop itself (RPSPC2 = 0.38 - 0.0049CR + 0.000019CR2 - 0.000018CobA2 and RPSPC3 = 0.225 - 0, 00237CR - 0.00084CobA + 0.00001CR2, respectively).

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          Root growth, macro-nutrient uptake dynamics and soil fertility requirements of a high-yielding winter oilseed rape crop

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            Root length densities of UK wheat and oilseed rape crops with implications for water capture and yield

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              The yield of mechanically harvested rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) can be increased by optimum plant density and row spacing

              To determine the effects of plant density and row spacing on the mechanical harvesting of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), field experiments were conducted. Higher plant density produced fewer pods and reduced the yield per plant. Wider row spacing at higher plant densities increased seeds per pod and the 1000-seed weight, resulting in a higher yield per plant. The highest yields were achieved at a density of 45 × 104 plants ha−1 (D45) in combination with 15 cm row spacing (R15) because mortality associated with competition increased as both the plant density and row spacing increased. The leaf area index (LAI) and pod area index (PAI) showed similar relations to the yield per hectare, and they were positively correlated with the percentage of intercepted light, whereas the radiation use efficiency (RUE) was positively correlated with population biomass. Reduced plant height and increased root/shoot ratios led to a decreased culm lodging index. Improved resistance to pod shattering was also observed as plant density and row spacing increased. The angle of the lowest 5 branches decreased as row spacing increased under D30 and D45. All of these structural changes influenced the mechanical harvesting operations, resulting in the highest yield of mechanically harvesting rapeseed under D45R15.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                agro
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Agrociencia Uruguay
                Facultad de Agronomía - Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (Montevideo, , Uruguay )
                1510-0839
                2301-1548
                December 2019
                : 23
                : 2
                : 124-134
                Affiliations
                [2] Montevideo Montevideo orgnameUniversidad de la República orgdiv1Facultad de Agronomía orgdiv2Departamento de Suelos y Aguas Uruguay
                [1] Montevideo orgnameMinisterio de Ganadería Agricultura y Pesca orgdiv1Dirección General de Recursos Naturales orgdiv2División Suelos y Aguas Uruguay gferreira@ 123456mgap.gub.uy
                Article
                S2301-15482019000200124
                10.31285/agro.23.102
                19744884-ffe6-41a0-bf84-844cd51d38eb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 November 2018
                : 17 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Uruguay

                Categories
                Articles

                erosión,factor C,SLR,oilseed rape,soils,erosion,C factor,RPS,colza,suelos
                erosión, factor C, SLR, oilseed rape, soils, erosion, C factor, RPS, colza, suelos

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