PROYECCIÓN Y LÍMITES DE LA NEUROTEOLOGÍA EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE ALDOUS HUXLEY: LA INTERDISCIPLINARIEDAD A PRUEBA EN ESTUDIOS EXISTENCIALES

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Abstract

En este artículo perfilo el área de la "neuroteología", estableciendo sus límites metodológicos, proponiendo una clasificación temática y analizando su proyección actual. Para ello, y utilizando el esquema inicial dado por Aldous Huxley, identifico tres grupos de objetivos posibles, los orientados al "operacionismo práctico", al "operacionismo trascendental" y al "operacionismo místico". Brindo además ejemplos de investigaciones en curso en cada uno de ellos así como los nuevos debates que de éstas emergen. En definitiva, destaco el renovado interés de la ciencia experimental por lo religioso; ofrezco un mejor marco desde donde poder reflexionar sobre el lugar y el peso de tales estudios en neuroética, y examino los obstáculos específicos que acompañan a este tipo de proyectos interdisciplinares.

Translated abstract

The area of "neurotheology" is outlined in this article. In doing so, the author identifies its methodological limits, proposes a thematic classification and analyzes its present scope. Using the scheme proposed initially by Aldous Huxley, three groups of possible objectives are identified: those focused on "practical operationalism", "transcendental operationlism" and "mystic operationalism". Examples of ongoing research into each of these groups of possible objectives are provided, with some discussion of the new debates they have sparked. The renewed interest in religion on the part of experimental science is underscored and a better framework for reflecting on the place and weight of such studies in neuroethics is provided, together with a look at the particular obstacles that accompany interdisciplinary projects of this type.

Translated abstract

Neste artigo eu exponho a área da "neuroteología", fixando os seus limites metodológicos, propondo uma classificação temática e analisando a sua projeção de hoje em dia. Mediante o esquema de Aldous Huxley, identifico três grupos de objetivos possíveis: enfocados na "operabilidade prática", "operabilidade transcendental" e "operabilidade mística". Além disso, apresento exemplos de pesquisas em cada grupo, assim como os novos debates que propiciam. Em síntese, sobressai o renovado interesse da ciência experimental pelo religioso. Também proporciono um quadro desde onde reflexionar melhor sobre o lugar e o valor destes estudos na neuroética e analiso os obstáculos específicos que acompanham esta classe de projetos interdisciplinares.

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Most cited references 24

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Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: what do we know after 50 years?

J. Halpern (2003)

'Flashbacks' following use of hallucinogenic drugs have been reported for decades; they are recognized in DSM-IV as 'Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (Flashbacks)', or HPPD. We located and analyzed 20 quantitative studies between 1955 and 2001 examining this phenomenon. However, many of these studies were performed before operational criteria for HPPD were published in DSM-III-R, so they are difficult to interpret in the light of current diagnostic criteria. Overall, current knowledge of HPPD remains very limited. In particular (1) the term 'flashbacks' is defined in so many ways that it is essentially valueless; (2) most studies provide too little information to judge how many cases could meet DSM-IV criteria for HPPD; and consequently (3) information about risk factors for HPPD, possible etiologic mechanisms, and potential treatment modalities must be interpreted with great caution. At present, HPPD appears to be a genuine but uncommon disorder, sometimes persisting for months or years after hallucinogen use and causing substantial morbidity. It is reported most commonly after illicit LSD use, but less commonly with LSD administered in research or treatment settings, or with use of other types of hallucinogens. There are case reports, but no randomized controlled trials, of successful treatment with neuroleptics, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and clonidine. Although it may be difficult to collect large samples of HPPD cases, further studies are critically needed to augment the meager data presently available regarding the prevalence, etiology, and treatment of HPPD. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.