Effect of the level and source of supplementary dietary zinc on egg production, quality, and zinc content and on serum antioxidant parameters and zinc concentration in laying hens

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Abstract

Zinc is vital for proper functioning of an animal. Two sources of zinc are commonly supplemented in animal feed, organic and inorganic zinc, and there are reports that the former is absorbed to a greater extent than the latter. We hypothesized that supplementary zinc would increase zinc content in eggs of laying hens and that organic zinc would be more effective than inorganic zinc. To test these hypotheses, we examined the effect of levels and sources of supplemental dietary zinc on average daily feed intake ( ADFI), egg production, and zinc content in eggs and on serum antioxidant capacity and zinc concentration in laying hens. A total of 720 Roman laying hens (21-week-old) were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups with 6 replicates, with 24 hens in each replicate. Two sources of zinc, organic (zinc amino acid complex) and inorganic (zinc sulfate), each with 2 levels, low (35 mg/kg) and high (70 mg/kg), comprised 4 treatment groups, and a control group without supplementary zinc was the fifth group. Seven days were allowed for adjustment to the conditions, and then measurements were taken over 42 D. There was no difference in ADFI, average egg weight ( EW), ADFI-to-EW ratio, and egg quality ( P > 0.05) among the 5 treatment groups; supplemental zinc increased serum concentrations of Zn ²⁺ and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and tended to increase superoxide dismutase content ( P = 0.065). Zinc content in eggs increased linearly with supplementary organic zinc (N = 18, R ² = 0.363, P = 0.008) and with supplementary inorganic zinc (N = 18, R ² = 0.366, P = 0.008) treatment, but there was no difference between the source treatments of zinc. Therefore, our first hypothesis was supported, but our second one was not supported. We concluded that zinc supplementation is effective in enhancing zinc content in eggs and in improving antioxidant capacity in laying hens.

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Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases.

Tohru Fukai, Masuko Ushio-Fukai (2011)

Excessive reactive oxygen species Revised abstract, especially superoxide anion (O₂•-), play important roles in the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the major antioxidant defense systems against (O₂•-), which consist of three isoforms of SOD in mammals: the cytoplasmic Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1), the mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2), and the extracellular Cu/ZnSOD (SOD3), all of which require catalytic metal (Cu or Mn) for their activation. Recent evidence suggests that in each subcellular location, SODs catalyze the conversion of (O₂•-), H2O2, which may participate in cell signaling. In addition, SODs play a critical role in inhibiting oxidative inactivation of nitric oxide, thereby preventing peroxynitrite formation and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction. The importance of each SOD isoform is further illustrated by studies from the use of genetically altered mice and viral-mediated gene transfer. Given the essential role of SODs in cardiovascular disease, the concept of antioxidant therapies, that is, reinforcement of endogenous antioxidant defenses to more effectively protect against oxidative stress, is of substantial interest. However, the clinical evidence remains controversial. In this review, we will update the role of each SOD in vascular biologies, physiologies, and pathophysiologies such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and angiogenesis. Because of the importance of metal cofactors in the activity of SODs, we will also discuss how each SOD obtains catalytic metal in the active sites. Finally, we will discuss the development of future SOD-dependent therapeutic strategies.

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CuZnSOD deficiency leads to persistent and widespread oxidative damage and hepatocarcinogenesis later in life.

Terry Oberley, Patricia Jackson, Holly Van Houten … (2005)

Mice deficient in CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) showed no overt abnormalities during development and early adulthood, but had a reduced lifespan and increased incidence of neoplastic changes in the liver. Greater than 70% of Sod1-/- mice developed liver nodules that were either nodular hyperplasia or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cross-sectional studies with livers collected from Sod1-/- and age-matched +/+ controls revealed extensive oxidative damage in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the nucleus and mitochondria from as early as 3 months of age. A marked reduction in cytosolic aconitase, increased levels of 8-oxo dG and F2-isoprostanes, and a moderate reduction in glutathione peroxidase activities and porin levels were observed in all age groups of Sod1-/- mice examined. There were also age-related reductions in Mn superoxide dismutase activities and carbonic anhydrase III. Parallel to the biochemical changes, there were progressive increases in the DNA repair enzyme APEX1, the cell cycle control proteins cyclin D1 and D3, and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor Met. Increased cell proliferation in the presence of persistent oxidative damage to macromolecules likely contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis later in life.

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Carbon- versus sulphur-based zinc binding groups for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Claudiu Supuran (2018)

Abstract A set of compounds incorporating carbon-based zinc-binding groups (ZBGs), of the type PhX (X = COOH, CONH2, CONHNH2, CONHOH, CONHOMe), and the corresponding derivatives with sulphur(VI)-based ZBGs (X = SO3H, SO2NH2, SO2NHNH2, SO2NHOH, SO2NHOMe) were tested as inhibitors of all mammalian isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), CA I–XV. Three factors connected with the ZBG influenced the efficacy as CA inhibitor (CAI) of the investigated compounds: (i) the pKa of the ZBG; (ii) its geometry (tetrahedral, i.e. sulphur-based, versus trigonal, i.e. carbon-based ZBGs), and (iii) orientation of the organic scaffold induced by the nature of the ZBG. Benzenesulphonamide was the best inhibitor of all isoforms, but other ZBGs led to interesting inhibition profiles, although with an efficacy generally reduced when compared to the sulphonamide. The nature of the ZBG also influenced the CA inhibition mechanism. Most of these derivatives were zinc binders, but some of them (sulfonates, carboxylates) may interact with the enzyme by anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule or by other inhibition mechanisms (occlusion of the active site entrance, out of the active site binding, etc.). Exploring structurally diverse ZBGs may lead to interesting new developments in the field of CAIs.

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Author and article information

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Rejun Fang

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Poult Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Poult Sci

Title: Poultry Science

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN (Print): 0032-5791

ISSN (Electronic): 1525-3171

Publication date PMC-release: 03 July 2020

Publication date Collection: November 2020

Publication date (Electronic): 03 July 2020

Volume: 99

Issue: 11

Pages: 6233-6238

Affiliations

[∗ ]College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China

[† ]Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha 410128, China

[‡ ]Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA

[§ ]Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105 Israel

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[2 ]Corresponding author: fangrj63@ 123456126.com

[1]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher Item ID: S0032-5791(20)30392-8

DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.029

PMC ID: 7647701

PubMed ID: 33142541

SO-VID: 19bb45dc-cc84-4fe2-95f6-f3b1355847b7

License:

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Effect of the level and source of supplementary dietary zinc on egg production, quality, and zinc content and on serum antioxidant parameters and zinc concentration in laying hens

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Most cited references 24

Superoxide dismutases: role in redox signaling, vascular function, and diseases.

CuZnSOD deficiency leads to persistent and widespread oxidative damage and hepatocarcinogenesis later in life.

Carbon- versus sulphur-based zinc binding groups for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

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