Phenolic compounds in grapes (genus Vitis): A review of their antioxidant activity, antiproliferative capacity, and cytotoxic effect on colorectal cancer

Abstract

In the pursuit of potent antioxidant sources for potential health benefits, significant attention has been directed toward polyphenols. This research is especially relevant in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), a widespread and deadly malignancy. The exploration of preventive strategies has led to a growing interest in grapes and their derivatives, such as juices and wines, which offer various consumption options based on grape type. This investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis of multiple grape components: skin, pulp, seed, pomace, wine, juice, and extracts. These assessments serve as a critical reference for exploring functional ingredients from grapes and their potential as chemopreventive agents against colon cancer. This scientific literature review aims to provide an in-depth overview of advancements from 2012 to 2023. A systematic review reveals varying polyphenol concentrations in different grape components and their correlation with antioxidant capacities. In addition, the chemical profiles of these matrices are analyzed concerning their antioxidant properties, antiproliferative effects, and cytotoxicity, validated through in vitro and in vivo models simulating CRC scenarios. This research seeks to demonstrate grapes’ potential, in their diverse forms, as promising functional food options.