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      The effect of thoracic paravertebral block on seroma reduction in breast surgery – a randomized controlled trial Translated title: Efeito do bloqueio paravertebral torácico na redução de seroma em cirurgia de mama – estudo randomizado controlado

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          Abstract

          Background

          Increasing number of patients are being operated because of breast cancer. Seroma is the most common problem that occurs after surgery that increases morbidity. For postoperative pain management, Thoracic Paravertebral Block (TPVB) has long been considered the gold standard technique. With performing TPVB, sympathetic nerves are also blocked.

          Objective

          With this study, we aimed to search the effect of TPVB on seroma reduction in patients who undergo mastectomy and axillary node dissection surgery.

          Methods

          Forty ASA I–II female patients aged 18–65, who were scheduled to go under elective unilateral mastectomy and axillary lymph node resection were included to the study. Patients were randomized into two groups as TPVB and Control group. Ultrasound guided TPVB with 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was performed at T1 level preoperatively to the TPVB group patients. All patients were provided with i.v. patient-controlled analgesia device. Seroma formation amounts, morphine consumptions and Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain were recorded 24th hour postoperatively.

          Results and conclusions

          Mean seroma formation at postoperative 24th hour was 112.5 ± 53.3 mL in the control group and 74.5 ± 47.4 mL in the TPVB group ( p = 0.022). NRS scores were similar between two groups ( p = 0.367) at postoperative 24th hour but mean morphine consumption at postoperative 24th hour was 5.6 ± 4 mg in the TPBV group, and 16.6 ± 6.9 mg in the control group ( p < 0.001). TPVB reduces the amount of seroma formation while providing effective analgesia in patients who undergo mastectomy and axillary lymph node removal surgery.

          Resumo

          Introdução

          Observa-se aumento do número de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia por neoplasia mamária. Seroma é a mais frequente complicação pós-operatória que aumenta a morbidade. Há muito tempo, considera-se o Bloqueio Paravertebral Torácico (BPVT) a técnica padrão ouro para o controle da dor pós-operatória. O BPVT provoca, igualmente, o bloqueio da inervação simpática.

          Objetivo

          Identificar o efeito do BPVT na redução de seroma em pacientes que realizaram mastectomia e dissecção dos linfonodos axilares.

          Método

          Foram incluídas no estudo 40 pacientes do sexo feminino ASA I–II, entre 18 e 65 anos de idade, submetidas a mastectomia eletiva unilateral com ressecção de linfonodos axilares. As pacientes foram randomizadas em grupo BPVT e grupo controle. As pacientes do grupo BPVT foram submetidas ao BPVT guiado por ultrassom no nível de T1 e 20 mL de bupivacaína 0,25% foram administrados antes da cirurgia. Bomba de infusão IV ACP foi prescrita para todas as pacientes. Na 24 a hora pós-operatória foram registradas a quantidade de produção de seroma, o consumo de morfina e a avaliação da dor pela escala de avaliação numérica (NRS – do inglês Numeric Rating Scale).

          Resultados

          A quantidade média de seroma na 24 a hora pós-operatória foi 112,5 ± 53,3 mL no grupo controle e 74,5 ± 47,4 mL no grupo BPVT ( p = 0,022). Na 24 a hora pós-operatória a pontuação NRS foi semelhante nos dois grupos ( p = 0,367), porém o consumo médio de morfina foi 5,6 ± 4 mg no grupo BPVT e 16,6 ± 6,9 mg no grupo controle ( p < 0,001).

          Conclusões

          O BPVT reduz a quantidade de seroma enquanto proporciona analgesia efetiva em pacientes que se submetem a mastectomia e remoção dos linfonodos axilares.

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          Most cited references29

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          The changing global patterns of female breast cancer incidence and mortality

          One in ten of all new cancers diagnosed worldwide each year is a cancer of the female breast, and it is the most common cancer in women in both developing and developed areas. It is also the principal cause of death from cancer among women globally. We review the descriptive epidemiology of the disease, focusing on some of the key elements of the geographical and temporal variations in incidence and mortality in each world region. The observations are discussed in the context of the numerous aetiological factors, as well as the impact of screening and advances in treatment and disease management in high-resource settings.
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            • Record: found
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            Perioperative Breast Analgesia: A Qualitative Review of Anatomy and Regional Techniques.

            Breast surgery is exceedingly common and may result in significant acute as well as chronic pain. Numerous options exist for the control of perioperative breast pain, including several newly described regional anesthesia techniques, but anesthesiologists have an insufficient understanding of the anatomy of the breast, the anatomic structures disrupted by the various breast surgeries, and the theoretical and experimental evidence supporting the use of the various analgesic options. In this article, we review the anatomy of the breast, common breast surgeries and their potential anatomic sources of pain, and analgesic techniques for managing perioperative pain. We performed a systematic review of the evidence for these analgesic techniques, including intercostal block, epidural administration, paravertebral block, brachial plexus block, and novel peripheral nerve blocks.
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              • Article: not found

              A systematic review of common conservative therapies for arm lymphoedema secondary to breast cancer treatment.

              Secondary arm lymphoedema is a chronic and distressing condition which affects a significant number of women who undergo breast cancer treatment. A number of health professional and patient instigated conservative therapies have been developed to help with this condition, but their comparative benefits are not clearly known. This systematic review undertook a broad investigation of commonly instigated conservative therapies for secondary arm lymphoedema including; complex physical therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, pneumatic pumps, oral pharmaceuticals, low level laser therapy, compression bandaging and garments, limb exercises and limb elevation. It was found that the more intensive and health professional based therapies, such as complex physical therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, pneumatic pump and laser therapy generally yielded the greater volume reductions, whilst self instigated therapies such as compression garment wear, exercises and limb elevation yielded smaller reductions. All conservative therapies produced improvements in subjective arm symptoms and quality of life issues, where these were measured. Despite the identified benefits, there is still the need for large scale, high level clinical trials in this area.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Braz J Anesthesiol
                Braz J Anesthesiol
                Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
                Elsevier
                0104-0014
                2352-2291
                03 May 2020
                May-Jun 2020
                03 May 2020
                : 70
                : 3
                : 215-219
                Affiliations
                [a ]Kocaeli University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kocaeli, Turkey
                [b ]Kocaeli University Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Kocaeli, Turkey
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. ufukyorukoglu@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0104-0014(20)30047-6
                10.1016/j.bjane.2020.04.007
                9373638
                32536425
                1a95c9c0-e35c-4c4d-9a76-b55f9763e9e8
                © 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 May 2019
                : 31 December 2019
                Categories
                Scientific Article

                paravertebral block,postoperative pain,seroma reduction,breast cancer,bloqueio paravertebral,dor pós-operatória,redução de seroma,câncer de mama

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