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      Radiological and histopathological evaluation of experimentally-induced periapical lesion in rats

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated experimentally-induced periapical bone loss sites using digital radiographic and histopathologic parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were submitted to coronal opening of their mandibular right first molars. They were radiographed at 2, 15 and 30 days after the operative procedure by two digital radiographic storage phosphor plates (Digora®). The images were analyzed by creating a region of interest at the periapical region of each tooth (ImageJ) and registering the corresponding pixel values. After the sacrifice, the specimens were submitted to microscopic analysis in order to confirm the pulpal and periapical status of the tooth. RESULTS: There was significant statistically difference between the control and test sides in all the experimental periods regarding the pixel values (two-way ANOVA; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microscopic analysis proved that a periapical disease development occurred during the experimental periods with an evolution from pulpal necrosis to periapical bone resorption.

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          Detection of interleukin-1 beta in human periapical lesions.

          R Barkhordar, M Z Hussain, C. Hayashi (1992)
          Interleukins are involved in modulating bone cell activity. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been shown to be potent stimuli of bone resorption in organ culture. This hormone-peptide is produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages. Diverse inflammatory cell types are clearly present in periapical lesions. The purpose of this study was to detect IL-1 beta activity in human periapical lesions. Eight human periapical lesions were examined for the presence of IL-1 beta. Pulp tissue of clinically impacted teeth were used as controls. Each specimen was quick-frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. IL-1 beta activity was measured with, an IL-1 beta enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that used monoclonal antibodies specific for IL-1 beta. Periapical samples exhibited significant activity of IL-1 beta (mean 604.4 +/- 563.0 pg/mg protein), whereas normal pulp had no activity. These results demonstrate that IL-1 beta is produced and released locally in inflammatory periapical lesions to mediate bone resorption.
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            Morphometric analysis of experimentally induced periapical lesions: radiographic vs histopathological findings.

            Matthijs Graaf, Isabel da Silva, A. Rossi … (2007)
            To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of conventional (Kodak Ektaspeed Plus film) and digitized radiographic images to detect the presence as well to estimate the size, as measured by an image analysis programme, of periapical radiolucencies induced in dog teeth in comparison with the histomorphometric data obtained from the same lesions by conventional and fluorescence microscopy. After the removal of pulp, the root canals of five premolars from the same animal were left exposed for 7 days after which they were sealed for 60 days. At day 53, three more premolars were opened and left exposed to the oral cavity for 7 days. Intact premolars were used as control. Conventional radiographs were taken at day 0, day 7, day 30, day 45 and day 60. Morphometry in digitized radiographic images and histological sections were compared at day 7 and day 60 after setting the experimental series. Radiographically, periapical lesions were only detected 30 days after coronal sealing. A progressively increasing radiolucent lesion area was observed at day 45 and day 60. Histopathologically, 7 days after pulp removal dense inflammatory infiltrate and root resorption in the periapical region was observed. At day 7 and day 60, the lesion sizes were similar when evaluated by both conventional and fluorescence microscopy. Lesion size was about 20% larger in digitized radiographs in comparison with histological measurements. Although image digitization could not improve the detection of the early stages of periapical lesions, it provides a valuable quantitative assessment of extensive periapical lesions. In addition, fluorescence light microscopy enhances the visualization of the apical and periapical structures and seems to be a highly useful tool for histological evaluation, valuable for both qualitative and quantitative studies of periapical disease.
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              An evaluation of the origin of trabecular bone patterns using visual and digital image analysis.

              M Mailhot, James Borke, John D Potter … (2004)
              The purpose of this research project was to investigate the origin of the anatomical structures interpreted as trabecula bone on dental radiographic images. Mandible sections were cut sagitally into halves. Trabecular bone was removed from each section in 4 stages. Following each stage, standardized radiographs were made, using CDR direct digital equipment. Trabecular bone in the resulting digital images was measured with 4 methods: (1) mean gray level; (2) the fractal dimension of the basic images; and, following morphological image processing, (3) counting the number of trabecular ends, intercepts, and segments (EIS) and (4) performing fractal analyses of the skeletonized images. Additionally, human visual interpretation of the collected images was conducted through a written examination. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for changes in measurements attributable to bone removal. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the use of gray levels, fractal dimension, and morphologic operations quantifying using EIS or fractal analysis had similar performance and resulted in significant changes in measurements following bone removal ( P < .05). Visual differences were not always apparent between each stage of bone reduction. Radiometric and morphologic analysis showed measurable differences between stages. These results imply that the inner trabecula, the junctional trabecula, and the actual cortical housing all contribute to some extent to the radiograph, although changes in the radiographic architecture are not always clinically detectible.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Renata Cordeiro Teixeira: Role: ND
                Cassia Maria Fischer Rubira: Role: ND
                Gerson Francisco Assis: Role: ND
                José Roberto Pereira Lauris: Role: ND
                Tania Mary Cestari: Role: ND
                Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen: Role: ND
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): jaos
                Title: Journal of Applied Oral Science
                Abbreviated Title: J. Appl. Oral Sci.
                Publisher: Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP (Bauru )
                ISSN: 1678-7765
                Publication date (Print): October 2011
                Volume: 19
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 500-504
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [4 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [5 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                Publisher ID: S1678-77572011000500011
                SO-VID: 1acb6b1b-b24e-4f06-aa02-11a6c056db23
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1678-7757&lng=en
                Categories
                Subject: DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: Radiology,Periapical diseases,Histology,Rats
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry
                Keywords: Radiology, Periapical diseases, Histology, Rats

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