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      Corrección de la sintomatología “oreja de ratón” en nogal pecanero con aplicaciones foliares de níquel Translated title: Correction of “mouse ear” symptoms in pecan with foliar applications of nickel

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La deficiencia de níquel (Ni) en los árboles de nogal (Carya illinoinensi (Wangenh.) K. Koch) afecta negativamente el crecimiento de hojas, el metabolismo del nitrógeno y de carbono durante la expansión del follaje y consecuente el rendimiento. La fertilización con micronutrientes al suelo es poco efectiva en suelos con alto contenido de carbonatos y pH alto. Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación foliar de níquel sobre el rendimiento, contenido nutrimental y área foliar en hojas de nogal. En un diseño bloques al azar se asperjaron foliarmente cuatro dosis crecientes: 100, 150, 200 y 250 mg L-1 y un testigo sin aplicación. Los resultados indican que la aspersión foliar de Ni corrige la anormalidad conocida como oreja de ratón (aumento en el área foliar) e incrementa la absorción de este elemento inhibiendo la absorción del Cu y Mn. La aspersión de 100 mg L-1 incrementó el rendimiento de nuez por árbol y el área foliar en hojas de nogal.

          Translated abstract

          Summary: Nickel (Ni) deficiency in pecan trees (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) negatively affects leaf growth, nitrogen and carbon metabolism during foliage expansion, and consequently yield. Fertilization to the soil with micronutrients is ineffective in soils with high carbonate content and high pH. To evaluate the effect of foliar application of nickel on yield, nutritional content, and leaf area of pecan leaves, in a randomized block design four increasing doses were sprayed on foliage: 100, 150, 200 mg L-1 and one control with no application. The results indicate that Ni foliar spraying corrects the abnormality known as mouse ear (increase in leaf area) and increases absorption of this element by inhibiting the absorption of Cu and Mn. Spraying 100 mg L-1 increased leaf area and pecan yield per tree.

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          Enzyme activities as a component of soil biodiversity: A review

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            Nickel: an essential micronutrient for legumes and possibly all higher plants.

            Soybean plants deprived of nickel accumulated toxic concentrations of urea (2.5 percent) in necrotic lesions on their leaflet tips. This occurred regardless of whether the plants were supplied with inorganic nitrogen or were dependent on nitrogen fixation. Nickel deprivation resulted in delayed nodulation and in a reduction of early growth. Addition of nickel (1 microgram per liter) to the nutrient media prevented urea accumulation, necrosis, and growth reductions. This evidence suggests that nickel is essential for soybeans and possibly for higher plants in general.
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              Nickel deficiency disrupts metabolism of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids of young pecan foliage.

              The existence of nickel (Ni) deficiency is becoming increasingly apparent in crops, especially for ureide-transporting woody perennials, but its physiological role is poorly understood. We evaluated the concentrations of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids in photosynthetic foliar tissue from Ni-sufficient (Ni-S) versus Ni-deficient (Ni-D) pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch). Foliage of Ni-D pecan seedlings exhibited metabolic disruption of nitrogen metabolism via ureide catabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ornithine cycle intermediates. Disruption of ureide catabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of xanthine, allantoic acid, ureidoglycolate, and citrulline, but total ureides, urea concentration, and urease activity were reduced. Disruption of amino acid metabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of glycine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, arginine, and total free amino acids, and lower concentrations of histidine and glutamic acid. Ni deficiency also disrupted the citric acid cycle, the second stage of respiration, where Ni-D foliage contained very low levels of citrate compared to Ni-S foliage. Disruption of carbon metabolism was also via accumulation of lactic and oxalic acids. The results indicate that mouse-ear, a key morphological symptom, is likely linked to the toxic accumulation of oxalic and lactic acids in the rapidly growing tips and margins of leaflets. Our results support the role of Ni as an essential plant nutrient element. The magnitude of metabolic disruption exhibited in Ni-D pecan is evidence of the existence of unidentified physiological roles for Ni in pecan.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                tl
                Terra Latinoamericana
                Terra Latinoam
                Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-5779
                2395-8030
                December 2020
                : 38
                : 4
                : 833-840
                Affiliations
                [4] Matamoros orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Campo Experimental La Laguna Mexico
                [2] Soledad de Graciano Sánchez orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí Mexico
                [5] Torreón orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Unidad Laguna Mexico
                [1] Cd. Lerdo Durango orgnameInstituto Tecnológico Superior de Lerdo Mexico
                [3] La Paz orgnameCentro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste Mexico
                [6] Torreón Coahuila orgnameInstituto Tecnológico de Torreón Mexico
                Article
                S0187-57792020000500833 S0187-5779(20)03800400833
                10.28940/terra.v38i4.791
                1b4d447f-565c-4686-8d78-c032b0823597

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 May 2020
                : 04 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículo científico

                foliar fertilization,rendimiento,fertilización foliar,área foliar,leaf area,yield

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