14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      A Drosophila model for developmental nicotine exposure

      research-article
      *
      PLoS ONE
      Public Library of Science

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Despite the known health risks of tobacco smoking, many people including pregnant women continue smoking. The effects of developmental nicotine exposure are known, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism that can be used for uncovering genetic and molecular mechanisms for drugs of abuse. Here I show that Drosophila can be a model to elucidate the mechanisms for nicotine’s effects on a developing organism. Drosophila reared on nicotine food display developmental and behavioral effects similar to those in mammals including decreased survival and weight, increased developmental time, and decreased sensitivity to acute nicotine and ethanol. The Drosophila nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 7 (D α7) mediates some of these effects. A novel role for D α7 on ethanol sedation in Drosophila is also shown. Future research taking advantage of the genetic and molecular tools for Drosophila will allow additional discovery of the mechanisms behind the effects of nicotine during development.

          Related collections

          Most cited references63

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Using FlyAtlas to identify better Drosophila melanogaster models of human disease.

          FlyAtlas, a new online resource, provides the most comprehensive view yet of expression in multiple tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Meta-analysis of the data shows that a significant fraction of the genome is expressed with great tissue specificity in the adult, demonstrating the need for the functional genomic community to embrace a wide range of functional phenotypes. Well-known developmental genes are often reused in surprising tissues in the adult, suggesting new functions. The homologs of many human genetic disease loci show selective expression in the Drosophila tissues analogous to the affected human tissues, providing a useful filter for potential candidate genes. Additionally, the contributions of each tissue to the whole-fly array signal can be calculated, demonstrating the limitations of whole-organism approaches to functional genomics and allowing modeling of a simple tissue fractionation procedure that should improve detection of weak or tissue-specific signals.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers.

            Nicotine underlies tobacco addiction, influences tobacco use patterns, and is used as a pharmacological aid to smoking cessation. The absorption, distribution and disposition characteristics of nicotine from tobacco and medicinal products are reviewed. Nicotine is metabolized primarily by the liver enzymes CYP2A6, UDPglucuronosyltransferase (UGT), and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO). In addition to genetic factors, nicotine metabolism is influenced by diet and meals, age, sex, use of estrogen-containing hormone preparations, pregnancy and kidney disease, other medications, and smoking itself. Substantial racial/ethnic differences are observed in nicotine metabolism, which are likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The most widely used biomarker of nicotine intake is cotinine, which may be measured in blood, urine, saliva, hair, or nails. The current optimal plasma cotinine cut-point to distinguish smokers from non-smokers in the general US population is 3 ng ml(-1). This cut-point is much lower than that established 20 years ago, reflecting less secondhand smoke exposure due to clear air policies and more light or occasional smoking.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Nicotine addiction and nicotinic receptors: lessons from genetically modified mice.

              The past decades have seen a revolution in our understanding of brain diseases and in particular of drug addiction. This has been largely due to the identification of neurotransmitter receptors and the development of animal models, which together have enabled the investigation of brain functions from the molecular to the cognitive level. Tobacco smoking, the principal - yet avoidable - cause of lung cancer is associated with nicotine addiction. Recent studies in mice involving deletion and replacement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits have begun to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction and might offer new therapeutic strategies to treat this addiction.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                12 May 2017
                2017
                : 12
                : 5
                : e0177710
                Affiliations
                [001]Biology Department, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
                Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, GREECE
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                • Conceptualization: NAVU.

                • Investigation: NAVU.

                • Writing – original draft: NAVU.

                • Writing – review & editing: NAVU.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5616-2103
                Article
                PONE-D-17-02498
                10.1371/journal.pone.0177710
                5428972
                28498868
                1c72ca5c-c18e-4c35-a276-42bd0143ac85
                © 2017 Norma Andrea Velazquez-Ulloa

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 January 2017
                : 2 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 0, Pages: 22
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología;
                Award ID: 141799
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003141, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología;
                Award ID: 160227
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico), ( http://www.conacyt.mx/), scholarships no. 141799 and 160227 to NAVU. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Compounds
                Organic Compounds
                Alcohols
                Ethanol
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Organic Chemistry
                Organic Compounds
                Alcohols
                Ethanol
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Model Organisms
                Drosophila Melanogaster
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Model Organisms
                Drosophila Melanogaster
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Experimental Organism Systems
                Animal Models
                Drosophila Melanogaster
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Arthropoda
                Insects
                Drosophila
                Drosophila Melanogaster
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Developmental Biology
                Life Cycles
                Larvae
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Proteins
                Transmembrane Receptors
                Acetylcholine Receptors
                Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Cell Biology
                Signal Transduction
                Transmembrane Receptors
                Acetylcholine Receptors
                Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Adults
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Behavior
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Animals
                Vertebrates
                Amniotes
                Mammals
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Addiction
                Nicotine Addiction
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Addiction
                Nicotine Addiction
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Mental Health and Psychiatry
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Nicotine Addiction
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Substance-Related Disorders
                Nicotine Addiction
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are available in the Dryad database ( https://datadryad.org/) and can be found with the following doi: 10.5061/dryad.pv583.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

                Comments

                Comment on this article