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      Sertoli cell tumour in a pet rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus): histological and immunohistochemical characterization

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The present study describes a case of a spontaneous, unilateral Sertoli cell tumour (SCT) in a 6-year-old pet rabbit. The rabbit was presented with a palpable, unilateral, subcutaneous left inguinal mass, consistent with the suspected clinical diagnosis of neoplasia developing within the retained testis in the inguinal canal. The intrascrotal contralateral testis was palpable, but reduced in volume. The rabbit underwent orchiectomy and both the testes were collected, formalin-fixed, and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the enlarged testis was effaced by an intratubular SCT in which numerous intratubular microliths were evident. The contralateral testis was severely atrophied. Immunohistochemical stains showed neoplastic Sertoli cells that were diffusely positive for vimentin and anti-Müllerian-Hormone and multifocally positive for cytokeratins and desmin. Eighteen months after the surgery, the rabbit showed no clinical signs of disease. This is the first report of a spontaneously occurring rabbit SCT histologically described and immunohistochemically investigated.

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          Expression of vimentin, cytokeratin, and desmin in Sertoli cells of human fetal, cryptorchid, and tumour-adjacent testicular tissue.

          G. Mikuz, A Hittmair, H Feichtinger … (1996)
          The intermediate filament of mature human Sertoli cells is vimentin. A co-expression of vimentin together with cytokeratin has been demonstrated in Sertoli cells during embryonal development and under pathologic conditions in adult testes. We analysed the presence of vimentin, cytokeratin, and desmin in Sertoli cells of fetal testes (n=20), in seminiferous tubules of cryptorchid testes (n=10) and adjacent to testicular germ cell tumours (n=47) using specific monoclonal antibodies and single and double-labelling immunohistochemistry. During embryonal development prominent cytokeratin expression disappears after the 20th week of gestation. Interestingly, we also found desmin in immature intratubular Sertoli cells between weeks 11 and 14. In adult cryptorchid testes and in peritumour tubules, desmin was also prominently present in Sertoli cells in the vast majority of the cases investigated, as well as vimentin and cytokeratin co-expression. This first description of desmin immunoreactivity may shed some light on the ontogeny of human Sertoli cells and demonstrates that this cell type is able to express three types of intermediate filaments in a complex manner.
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            Testicular microliths: their origin and structure.

            M. Vegni Talluri, E Bigliardi, M Vanni … (1980)
            Light and electron microscopic studies were done on microliths in unilateral undescended testes to determine the origin and structure. The microliths seem to originate from degenerating intratubular cells and consist of a central calcified core surrounded by concentric layers of connective fibers.
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              Mitotic activity of Sertoli cells in adult human testis: an immunohistochemical study to characterize Sertoli cells in testicular cords from patients showing testicular dysgenesis syndrome.

              Ralph Brehm, Martin Bergmann, Sabine Kliesch … (2006)
              During puberty, normal somatic Sertoli cells undergo dramatic morphological changes due to the differentiation of immature pre-Sertoli cells in functionally active adult Sertoli cells. Sertoli cell maturation is accompanied with loss of their mitotic activity before onset of spermatogenesis and loss of pre-pubertal and occurrence of adult immunohistochemical Sertoli cell differentiation markers. Testes of infertile adult patients often exhibit numerous histological signs of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) such as microliths, Sertoli cell only (SCO) tubules, tubules containing carcinoma in situ and immature seminiferous tubules (Sertoli cell nodules). Sertoli cell tumours, however, are very rare neoplasms possibly due to the fact that the mechanism and temporal origin of neoplastic Sertoli cells underlying Sertoli cell tumourigenesis still remain unknown. To clarify the state of Sertoli cell differentiation in both immature seminiferous tubules of adult patients with TDS and Sertoli cell tumour, we compared the expression of the Sertoli cell differentiation markers vimentin, inhibin-alpha, anti-Muellerian-hormone, cytokeratin 18, M2A-antigen, androgen receptor and connexin43 with that of SCO tubules with hyperplasia. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of proliferating Sertoli cells by Ki67- and PCNA-immunostaining in Sertoli cell nodules of the adult human testis. Our data indicate that mitotically active Sertoli cells in Sertoli cell nodules will be arrested prior to puberty and, contrary to dogma, do not represent foetal or neonatal cells. Since all markers in Sertoli cell nodules revealed a staining pattern identical to that in neoplastic Sertoli cells, but different to that in Sertoli cells of SCO tubules with hyperplasia, it may be speculated that Sertoli cell tumours in adult men may originate from Sertoli cell nodules.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Vet J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Vet J
                Title: Open Veterinary Journal
                Publisher: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli and Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology (Tripoli, Libya )
                ISSN (Print): 2226-4485
                ISSN (Electronic): 2218-6050
                Publication date (Print): 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 July 2018
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 250-255
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Veterinary Medicine, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy
                [2 ] AbLab, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Sarzana (La Spezia), Italy
                [3 ] Clinica Veterinaria Turro, Milano, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Barbara Banco. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milano (MI), Italy. Email: barbara.banco@ 123456unimi.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: OpenVetJ-8-250
                DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i3.4
                PMC ID: 6073377
                SO-VID: 1d19d3ce-a052-45c2-8a9f-3ae12e52639a
                Copyright © Copyright: © Open Veterinary Journal
                License:

                Open Veterinary Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 02 November 2017
                Date accepted : 09 July 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: immunohistochemistry,rabbit,sertoli cell tumour,testes
                Data availability:
                Keywords: immunohistochemistry, rabbit, sertoli cell tumour, testes

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