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      Variación en la resistencia fenotípica a parásitos gastrointestinales en un rebaño de cabras Translated title: Variation in the phenotypic resistance to gastrointestinal parasites in a goat flock

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la segregación fenotípica contra nematodos gastrointestinales a partir del conteo fecal de huevos en cabras lecheras del municipio Martí, en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba. Materiales y Métodos El estudio se realizó en un rebaño caprino lechero en el municipio Martí, de la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba, de mayo a diciembre de 2017. Se tomaron muestras fecales individuales para la determinación del conteo fecal de huevos y se registró mensualmente la condición corporal de 52 reproductoras. Se establecieron cuartiles (Q), según el conteo fecal de huevos por mes. Se clasificaron como altos eliminadores, los animales que en 60 % de los muestreos estuvieron en el Q4; fueron bajos eliminadores los que en 60 % estuvieron en el Q1 y 40 % en los cuartiles intermedios, pero con conteo fecal de huevos que nunca fue superior a 1,500 huevos por gramo; la categoría de eliminadores intermedios correspondió a los animales que se hallaron en los intercuartiles Q2 y Q3. Resultados Se segregaron las cabras en tres grupos: cuatro clasificadas como bajas eliminadoras, 42 como intermedias, y seis como altas, con promedios de huevos en los conteos fecales de 485,9; 1 498,2 y 1 895,8 para cada grupo, respectivamente. La moda de la condición corporal en cada grupo no mostró diferencias (3). Conclusiones La segregación de las cabras mediante el conteo fecal de huevo permitió la identificación de la variabilidad fenotípica existente entre los animales en la susceptibilidad al parasitismo gastrointestinal. De este modo, se crean las bases para la evaluación, en un futuro, de un programa de mejoramiento genético mediante selección, para animales resistentes al parasitismo gastrointestinal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To evaluate the phenotypic segregation against gastrointestinal nematodes from the fecal egg count in dairy goats of the Martí municipality, in Matanzas province, Cuba. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in a dairy goat flock in the Marti municipality, of Matanzas province, Cuba, from May to December, 2017. Individual fecal samples were taken for determining the fecal egg count and the body condition of 52 does was monthly recorded. Quartiles (Q) were established, according to the fecal egg count per month. The animals that in 60 % of the samplings were in Q4, were classified as high eliminators; the animals that in 60 % were in Q1 and 40 % in the intermediate quartiles were low eliminators, but with fecal egg count which was never higher than 1,500 eggs per gram; the category of intermediate eliminators corresponded to the animals that were found in the interquartiles Q2 and Q3. Results The goats were segregated in three groups: four classified as low eliminators, 42 as intermediate, and six as high, with egg averages in the fecal counts of 485,9; 1 498,2 and 1 895,8 for each group, respectively. The mode of the body condition in each group did not show differences (3). Conclusions The segregation of goats through fecal egg count allowed the identification of the existing phenotypic variability among the animals in the susceptibility to gastrointestinal parasitism. Thus, the bases are created for the evaluation, in the future, of a breeding program through selection, for gastrointestinal parasitism-resistant animals.

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          Haemonchus contortus resistance to monepantel in sheep.

          In a sheep farm in the Netherlands with a suspected Haemonchus contortus resistance to monepantel (Zolvix®, Novartis Animal Health), a fecal egg count reduction test was carried out in two groups of lambs, according to the method of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. Group 1 was the untreated control group, and group 2 was treated with monepantel at the manufacturer's recommended dose rate. Efficacy of treatment with monepantel was 0%. Larval identification of pre- and post-treatment coprocultures revealed 100% H. contortus larvae. On this farm, after a perceived reduction in efficacy of ivermectin and doramectin, the sheep farmer started using monepantel in July 2012, and since then, monepantel was used as the sole anthelmintic. Breeding sheep were treated twice each year in 2013 and 2014, and lambs two times in 2012, four times in 2013, and three times in 2014, before monepantel resistance was suspected, and confirmed three weeks later. Although the frequency of monepantel treatments on this farm was relatively high with treatments on thirteen separate occasions in two years time, possibly establishing favorable conditions for a competitive advantage for resistant H. contortus, it is remarkable that resistance to monepantel was established in such a very short period. This study confirms, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of H. contortus resistance to monepantel occurring in the field.
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            Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) infection in lambs elicits an unequivocal Th2 immune response.

            Selection of resistant animals and host immunization have been proposed as alternative methods for the control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites. However, a better knowledge of the mechanisms involved in protective immunity against these parasites is required for the development of optimal strategies. In this study, 3 month old INRA 401 lambs (n = 81) were allocated into three groups: uninfected control, challenged either once (primary-infected animals) or twice (previously-infected animals) with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus L3. Uninfected control and challenged animals were sequentially sacrificed at 3, 7, 15 and 28 days post challenge. In both challenged groups, a clear Th2-oriented immune response was observed in the abomasal lymph node and mucosa. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA over-expression, recruitment of eosinophils, mast cells and globule leukocytes and production of specific systemic IgG and mucosal IgA were observed earlier in previously-infected animals than in primary-infected ones. At 28 days post infection, no differences between intensities of these responses were observed between the challenged groups. Worm establishment rates were similar in previously-infected and primary-infected lambs. However, reductions of worm development, female fecundity and fecal egg output were observed in previously-infected sheep. We conclude that H. contortus infection in young INRA 401 lambs induced an unequivocal Th2 immune response resulting in the regulation of worm egg production without affecting their establishment.
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              Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Diagnosis and Control

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pyf
                Pastos y Forrajes
                Pastos y Forrajes
                Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes "Indio Hatuey" (Matanzas, , Cuba )
                0864-0394
                2078-8452
                March 2020
                : 43
                : 1
                : 50-55
                Affiliations
                [2] Ciudad del Saber orgnameInstituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá Panamá
                [1] Matanzas orgnameMinisterio de Educación Superior orgdiv1Universidad de Matanzas orgdiv2Estación Experimental de Pastos y Forrajes Indio Hatuey Cuba
                Article
                S0864-03942020000100050 S0864-0394(20)04300100050
                1d3ffa0a-a700-4433-84be-b4e0e36dcef6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 August 2019
                : 20 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULO CIENTIFICO

                phenotypic segregation,segregación fenotípica,goats,resistencia genética,cabras,nematodos gastrointestinales,gastrointestinal nematodes

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