C-reactive protein is an independent predictor for carotid artery intima-media thickness progression in asymptomatic younger adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)

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Abstract

Background

Conflicting information exists regarding the association between hsCRP and the progression of early stages of atherosclerosis. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of high sensitiviy c-reactive protein (hsCRP) along with major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors on early carotid atherosclerosis progression in a large, population-based cohort study.

Methods

The study cohort included 839 young adults (aged 24 to 43 years, 70% white, 42% men) enrolled in Bogalusa Heart Study, who in 2001-2002 attended baseline examination with measurements of CV risk factors. Progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) was assessed during a mean follow-up of 2.4 years.

Results

Carotid artery IMT progression rates were as follows: composite carotid artery = 9.2 ± 52 μm/y, common carotid artery = 0.0 ± 51 μm/y, carotid bulb = 8.8 ± 103 μm/y, and internal carotid artery = 18.9 ± 81 μm/y. Elevated baseline hsCRP, reflecting an inflammatory state, showed independent association with composite carotid artery IMT progression. Increased age, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, LDL cholesterol, and current smoking were other risk associates of carotid artery IMT progression in young adults, indicating an underlying burden on the CV system by multiple risk factors.

Conclusion

In this population-based study, we observed independent categorical association of increased hsCRP with carotid artery IMT progression in young adults. This study underlines the importance of assesssing hsCRP levels along with smoking and traditional CV risk factor profiles in asymptomatic young adults.

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Most cited references 23

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Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells.

V Pasceri, J T Willerson, E Yeh (2000)

The acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease. However, the possible effects of CRP on vascular cells are not known. We tested the effects of CRP on expression of adhesion molecules in both human umbilical vein and coronary artery endothelial cells. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), and E-selectin was assessed by flow cytometry. Incubation with recombinant human CRP (10 microg/mL) for 24 hours induced an approximately 10-fold increase in expression of ICAM-1 and a significant expression of VCAM-1, whereas a 6-hour incubation induced significant E-selectin expression. Adhesion molecule induction was similar to that observed in endothelial cells activated with interleukin-1beta. In coronary artery endothelial cells, induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was already present at 5 microg/mL and reached a maximum at 50 microg/mL, at which point a substantial increase in expression of E-selectin was also evident. The CRP effect was dependent on presence of human serum in the culture medium, because no effect was seen in cells cultured with serum-free medium. In contrast, interleukin-1beta was able to induce adhesion molecule expression in the absence of human serum. CRP induces adhesion molecule expression in human endothelial cells in the presence of serum. These findings support the hypothesis that CRP may play a direct role in promoting the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis and present a potential target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

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Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and carotid vascular changes in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

Shengxu Li, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan … (2003)

Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and is recognized as an important predictive measure of clinical coronary atherosclerosis events in middle-aged and elderly populations. However, information on the association of carotid IMT in young adults with different risk factors measured in childhood, adulthood, or as a cumulative burden of each of the risk factors measured serially from childhood to adulthood is limited. To examine the association between carotid IMT in young adults and traditional cardiovascular risk factors measured since childhood. A cohort study of 486 adults aged 25 to 37 years from a semirural black and white community in Bogalusa, La (71% white, 39% men), who had at least 3 measurements of traditional risk factors since childhood, conducted between September 1973 and December 1996. Association of carotid IMT with risk factors, including systolic blood pressure, lipoprotein levels, and body mass index. Male vs female (0.757 mm vs 0.719 mm) and black vs white (0.760 mm vs 0.723 mm) participants had increased carotid IMT (P<.001 for both). In multivariable analyses, significant predictors for being in top vs lower 3 quartiles of carotid IMT in young adults were childhood measures of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (odds ratio [OR], 1.42, corresponding to 1-SD change specific for age, race, and sex; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.78) and body mass index (BMI; OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.54); adulthood measures of LDL-C level (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.82), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51-0.88), and systolic blood pressure (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.72); and long-term cumulative burden of LDL-C (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.24-2.01) and HDL-C (OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58-0.97) levels measured serially from childhood to adulthood. An increasing trend in carotid IMT across quartiles of LDL-C level measured in childhood was observed, with a mean value of 0.761 mm (95% CI, 0.743-0.780 mm) for those at the top quartile vs 0.724 mm (95% CI, 0.715-0.734 mm) for those in the lower 3 quartiles (P<.001). Childhood measures of LDL-C level and BMI predict carotid IMT in young adults. The prevention implications of these findings remains to be explored.

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C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis.

J. Torzewski, R. Mortensen, M Bienek … (2000)

Infiltration of monocytes into the arterial wall is an early cellular event in atherogenesis. Recent evidence shows that C-reactive protein (CRP) is deposited in the arterial intima at sites of atherogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that CRP deposition precedes the appearance of monocytes in early atherosclerotic lesions. CRP is chemotactic for freshly isolated human blood monocytes. A specific CRP receptor is demonstrated on monocytes in vitro as well as in vivo, and blockage of the receptor by use of a monoclonal anti-receptor antibody completely abolishes CRP-induced chemotaxis. CRP may play a major role in the recruitment of monocytes during atherogenesis.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Cardiovasc Disord

Title: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2261

Publication date Collection: 2011

Publication date (Electronic): 30 December 2011

Volume: 11

Page: 78

Affiliations

[1 ]Tulane University School of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA

[2 ]Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA

[3 ]Tulane University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA, USA

[4 ]Tulane Center for Cardiovascular Health, New Orleans, LA, USA

Article

Publisher ID: 1471-2261-11-78

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-78

PMC ID: 3264529

PubMed ID: 22208681

SO-VID: 1d8bf130-056f-4c2a-a39d-bf9b44f556ed

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

C-reactive protein is an independent predictor for carotid artery intima-media thickness progression in asymptomatic younger adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)

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Abstract

Background

Methods

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Conclusion

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications

Most cited references 23

Direct proinflammatory effect of C-reactive protein on human endothelial cells.

Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and carotid vascular changes in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

C-reactive protein in the arterial intima: role of C-reactive protein receptor-dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis.

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