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      The meaning of feedback: medical students’ view Translated title: O significado do feedback: um olhar de estudantes de medicina

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          Abstract

          Abstract: Introduction: The teaching-learning process in health involves a binomial: on the one hand, teaching (the teacher and the institution) and, on the other hand, the students and their ability to adequately interact in this context. Just as teaching requires specific skills, learning also requires students to be able to master the necessary skills for learning. Feedback should also be understood in this regard. Although feedback is a frequent topic in the literature, few studies have addressed its meaning and impact from the students’ perspective. Moreover, a gap has been identified between theory and practice regarding the real power of feedback in the teaching-learning process. Objective: This study aimed to assess medical students’ understanding of feedback. Method: This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory focus, carried out using in the case study modality, with the focus group technique in data collection and thematic content analysis. The participants were medical students attending the fourth-year or eighth-semester at three schools located in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Results: The following categories emerged: understanding of feedback, frequency of received feedback, impact of feedback on the teaching-learning process and perception about the received feedback. Students understood in part the concept of feedback, not recognizing the internal feedback. A low frequency of feedback was reported and depended on the teacher, subject and year/semester of the course related to the type of curriculum. Even so, the participants recognized the points of feedback that impact on the teaching-learning process and were receptive to effective feedback. Conclusion: Even though they knew the meaning of feedback only partially and experienced it irregularly, medical students recognized the impact of this tool on the teaching-learning process. In a context of students trained to know about their own knowledge, truly empowering them in the teaching-learning process, they will develop a constant reflective practice of generating internal feedback, allowing the actual impact of feedback on the teaching-learning process to be observed in practice, as described in the literature.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo: Introdução: O processo ensino-aprendizagem em saúde envolve um binômio: por um lado, o ensino (o docente e a instituição) e, por outro, o aluno e sua capacidade de interagir adequadamente nesse contexto. Assim como o ensinar demanda competências específicas, o aprender também exige dos alunos a capacidade de dominar as habilidades necessárias à aprendizagem. O feedback também deve ser entendido nesse sentido. Apesar de o feedback ser um tema frequente na literatura, poucas pesquisas abordam o seu significado e impacto na perspectiva dos discentes. Além disso, existe uma lacuna entre a literatura e a prática sobre o seu poder real no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou avaliar a compreensão de feedback por alunos de cursos de Medicina. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com enfoque descritivo e exploratório, na modalidade de estudo de caso, com a utilização da técnica de grupo focal na coleta de dados e análise de conteúdo temática. Os participantes foram discentes do quarto ano ou oitavo período de três faculdades de Medicina localizadas no estado de Goiás. Resultado: As seguintes categorias emergiram: compreensão de feedback, frequência do feedback recebido, impacto dele no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e percepção sobre o feedback recebido. Os alunos compreenderam parcialmente o conceito de feedback, mas não reconheceram o feedback interno. Foi relatada uma baixa frequência de feedback e de sua relação com o professor, a disciplina e o tempo no curso relacionado ao tipo de currículo. Mesmo assim, os estudantes reconheceram os pontos impactantes do feedback no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, estando receptivos ao feedback efetivo. Conclusão: Embora conhecessem apenas parcialmente o significado de feedback e o vivenciassem de forma irregular, os estudantes de Medicina reconheceram o impacto dessa ferramenta no processo ensino-aprendizagem. Num contexto de alunos capacitados em conhecer sobre seu próprio conhecimento, verdadeiramente os emponderando no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, eles desenvolverão uma prática reflexiva constante de gerar o feedback interno, possibilitando que o impacto real do feedback no processo de ensino-aprendizado possa ser observado na prática conforme descrito na literatura.

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          Most cited references61

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          Standards for reporting qualitative research: a synthesis of recommendations.

          Standards for reporting exist for many types of quantitative research, but currently none exist for the broad spectrum of qualitative research. The purpose of the present study was to formulate and define standards for reporting qualitative research while preserving the requisite flexibility to accommodate various paradigms, approaches, and methods.
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            The Power of Feedback

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              Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbem
                Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica
                Rev. bras. educ. med.
                Associação Brasileira de Educação Médica (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0100-5502
                1981-5271
                2021
                : 45
                : 3
                : e179
                Affiliations
                [1] Goiânia Goiás orgnameUniversidade Federal de Goiás Brazil
                Article
                S0100-55022021000300228 S0100-5502(21)04500300228
                10.1590/1981-5271v45.3-20200517.ing
                1e04ec60-159b-4098-a3df-60d92999e0ef

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 July 2021
                : 10 November 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 61, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Teaching,Feedback,Students Medical,Learning,Educational Measurements,Retroalimentação Psicológica,Estudantes de Medicina,Ensino,Aprendizagem,Avaliação Educacional

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