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      Assessment of ecto and endo parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabiting river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Translated title: Avaliação de ecto e endoparasitas de Schizothorax plagiostomus habitantes do rio Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão

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          Abstract

          Abstract Fish provides main source of high quality protein to more than one billion people in the world. Fish parasites directly affect the productivity of fish and indirectly on human health. This research was aimed to assess the helminth parasites in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Panjkora, KP, Pakistan. A total of 88 fish samples (n= 88) were collected from the upper, middle and lower regions of the river through cast nets, hand nets and hooks. All the collected fish samples were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand for helminth parasites during July 2018 to February 2019.Among these fishes nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan were isolated and identified. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 60.22% (53/88). The intensity of the parasite was observed from 1.7% to 4.61%. Highest prevalence was reported in summer season 86.36% while lowest in the winter season 36.36%. This study shows that summer season affects the fish business and result in poor quality fish meat with risk of zoonotic diseases. Adults were highly infected 82.25% while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Female fish samples had higher prevalence 68.22% than males 48.22%. Fishes of the lower reaches had highest prevalence 60.22% than the upper reaches 40.0%. Fish samples with maximum length and weight were highly 76.92% infected than small sized fish with low body weight. Present study addresses that Rhabdochona schizothoracis in the intestine and Diplozoon paradoxum in gills of snow trout fish has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and it is zoonotic threat to human.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O peixe é a principal fonte de proteína de alta qualidade para mais de um bilhão de pessoas no mundo. Contudo, parasitas afetam diretamente a produtividade de peixes e, indiretamente, a saúde humana. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os parasitas helmintos em Schizothorax plagiostomus (truta da neve) do rio Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Paquistão. Foram coletadas 88 amostras de peixes (n = 88) dos trechos alto, médio e baixo do rio por meio de redes de arrasto, redes de mão e varas de pesca. Todas as amostras de peixes coletadas foram examinadas no Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Zoologia, da Universidade de Malakand, quanto a parasitas helmintos durante o período de julho de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019. Entre esses peixes, nematódeos, trematódeos, cestóideos e acantocéfalos foram isolados e identificados. A prevalência geral de parasitas de peixes foi de 60,22% (53/88). A intensidade do parasita foi observada de 1,7 a 4,61%. A maior prevalência (86,36%) foi relatada no verão, enquanto a menor (36,36%), no inverno. Este estudo mostra que a temporada de verão afeta o ramo da pesca e resulta em carne de baixa qualidade, com risco de doenças zoonóticas. Os adultos foram altamente infectados (82,25%), enquanto nenhuma infecção foi encontrada em jovens. As amostras de peixes do sexo feminino apresentaram maior prevalência (68,22%) do que as do sexo masculino (48,22%). Os peixes coletados no trecho baixo do rio tiveram maior prevalência (60,22%) do que os do trecho alto (40%). Amostras de peixes com comprimento e peso máximos foram altamente infectadas (76,92%) do que peixes de pequeno porte e baixo peso corporal. O presente estudo aborda que Rhabdochona schizothoracis no intestino e Diplozoon paradoxum em brânquias de peixes de truta da neve possuem uma estreita relação que causa uma infecção natural em ciprinídeos, sendo uma ameaça zoonótica ao ser humano.

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          Most cited references21

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          Endemism in the Australian flora

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            TNF-induced recruitment and activation of the IKK complex require Cdc37 and Hsp90.

            The IKK complex, containing two catalytic subunits IKKalpha and IKKbeta and a regulatory subunit NEMO, plays central roles in signal-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. We identify Cdc37 and Hsp90 as two additional components of the IKK complex. IKKalpha/IKKbeta/NEMO and Cdc37/Hsp90 form an approximately 900 kDa heterocomplex, which is assembled via direct interactions of Cdc37 with Hsp90 and with the kinase domain of IKKalpha/IKKbeta. Geldanamycin (GA), an antitumor agent that disrupts the formation of this heterocomplex, prevents TNF-induced activation of IKK and NF-kappaB. GA treatment reduces the size of the IKK complex and abolishes TNF-dependent recruitment of the IKK complex to TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1). Therefore, heterocomplex formation with Cdc37/Hsp90 is a prerequisite for TNF-induced activation and trafficking of IKK from the cytoplasm to the membrane.
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              Editorial Note on Weight–Length Relations of Fishes

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bjb
                Brazilian Journal of Biology
                Braz. J. Biol.
                Instituto Internacional de Ecologia (São Carlos, SP, Brazil )
                1519-6984
                1678-4375
                February 2021
                : 81
                : 1
                : 92-97
                Affiliations
                [05] Mansehra Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa orgnameHazara University orgdiv1Department of Zoology Pakistan
                [04] orgnameUniversity Khairpur Miris Sindh orgdiv1Department of Zoology Shah Abdul Latif Pakistan
                [09] orgnameVirtual University of Pakistan orgdiv1Department of Biotechnology Pakistan
                [02] Lower Dir Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa orgnameUniversity of Malakand orgdiv1Department of Zoology Pakistan
                [01] orgnameVirtual University of Lahore orgdiv1Department of Molecular Biology Pakistan
                [07] orgnameUniversity of Swabi orgdiv1Department of Zoology Pakistan
                [06] Karachi Sindh orgnameUniversity of Karachi orgdiv1Department of Zoology Pakistan
                [03] Jamshoro Sindh orgnameUniversity of Sindh orgdiv1Department of Zoology Pakistan
                [08] Sindh orgnameUniversity of Karachi orgdiv1Marine Resource Collection Centre orgdiv2Department of Zoology Pakistan
                Article
                S1519-69842021000100092 S1519-6984(21)08100100092
                10.1590/1519-6984.222214
                1e33d16b-b609-47bf-a7db-56901fc75f87

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 April 2019
                : 08 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                sub adults,subadultos,fish parasites,zoonótica,parasitas de peixes,snow trout,prevalência,zoonotic,prevalence,truta da neve

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