Resposta do feijoeiro ao manejo de nitrogênio em várzeas tropicais Translated title: Performance of common bean affected by nitrogen management in tropical varzea soils

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por três anos consecutivos, os efeitos do manejo de N na produtividade e nas características agronômicas do feijoeiro cultivado em várzeas e a economicidade desta prática. Nos dois primeiros anos, utilizando a cultivar Rudá, foram avaliadas as doses de 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N e os métodos e épocas de aplicação de N: na semeadura, ½ na semeadura + ½ incorporado ao solo aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE) e ½ na semeadura + ½ a lanço aos 20 DAE. No terceiro ano, avaliaram-se todas as doses de N incorporadas ao solo aos 20 DAE, com a cultivar Pérola. A maior produtividade econômica, 2.700 kg ha-1 de grãos foi obtida com 167 kg ha-1 de N incorporados ao solo aos 20 DAE na cultivar Pérola. A dose de 108 kg ha-1 de N incorporada ao solo aos 20 DAE proporcionou a esta cultivar 90% da produtividade máxima. A aplicação de parte do N na semeadura e parte incorporada ao solo aos 20 DAE foi a mais eficaz. O feijoeiro requer mais N no cultivo de várzeas que nos sistemas tradicionais em terras altas.

Translated abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the effects of N management on yield and agronomic traits of common bean and the profitability of N application. The experiment was carried out for three years on varzea (lowland) soil. In the first two years, N doses used were 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 and N applications were as follows: all N applied at sowing, ½ at sowing + ½ incorporated in the soil at 20 days after plant emergence and ½ at sowing and ½ applied as topdressing 20 days after plant emergence. In the third year, N doses applied at 20 days after plant emergence and incorporated in soil were evaluated in three localities. The bean cultivars used were Rudá in the first two years and Pérola in the last one. Maximum economical grain yield of 2.700 kg ha-1 was obtained in Pérola cultivar with the application of 167 kg ha-1 of N incorporated in the soil at 20 days after plant emergence; N dosage of 108 kg ha-1 provided 90% of maximum grain yield. The most appropriate N application timing was part at sowing and part incorporated in the soil. Common bean crop requires more N in varzea soils than in upland soils.