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Abstract
<p class="first" id="d6669163e86">Chromium (VI) is one of the most common environmental
contaminant due to its tremendous
industrial applications. It is non-biodegradable as it is a heavy metal, and hence,
of major concern. Therefore, it is pertinent that the remediation method should be
such that brings chromium within permissible limits before the effluent is discharged.
Several different strategies are adopted by microorganisms for Cr (VI) removal mostly
involving biosorption and biotransformation or both. These mechanisms are based on
the surface nature of the biosorbent and the availability of reductants. This review
article focuses on chromium pollution problem, its chemistry, sources, effects, remediation
strategies by biological agents and detailed chromium detoxification mechanism in
microbial cell. A summary of applied in situ and ex situ chromium bioremediation technologies
is also listed. This can be helpful for developing technologies to be more efficient
for Cr (VI) removal thereby bridging the gap between laboratory findings and industrial
application for chromium remediation.
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