Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach

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Abstract

The present review summarizes the clinically relevant effects of acute and chronic alcohol consumption on motility, mucosal inflammation and cancer of the esophagus and the stomach. Alcohol consumption results in a significant increase in the morbidity of these two organs, the most important probably being the significant increase in the development of esophageal cancer. This review refers to epidemiologic and systematic experimental data to elucidate the clinical impact of alcohol consumption as well as the underlying alcohol-induced pathophysiologic mechanisms for these esophageal and gastric diseases. Much research is still needed to clarify the effects of alcohol itself and the byproducts that result during the production of the different types of alcoholic beverages on dismotility and mucosal injury to the esophagus and stomach.

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Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study.

Christopher Murray, Alan Lopez (1997)

Prevention and control of disease and injury require information about the leading medical causes of illness and exposures or risk factors. The assessment of the public-health importance of these has been hampered by the lack of common methods to investigate the overall, worldwide burden. The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) provides a standardised approach to epidemiological assessment and uses a standard unit, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), to aid comparisons. DALYs for each age-sex group in each GBD region for 107 disorders were calculated, based on the estimates of mortality by cause, incidence, average age of onset, duration, and disability severity. Estimates of the burden and prevalence of exposure in different regions of disorders attributable to malnutrition, poor water supply, sanitation and personal and domestic hygiene, unsafe sex, tobacco use, alcohol, occupation, hypertension, physical inactivity, use of illicit drugs, and air pollution were developed. Developed regions account for 11.6% of the worldwide burden from all causes of death and disability, and account for 90.2% of health expenditure worldwide. Communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional disorders explain 43.9%; non-communicable causes 40.9%; injuries 15.1%; malignant neoplasms 5.1%; neuropsychiatric conditions 10.5%; and cardiovascular conditions 9.7% of DALYs worldwide. The ten leading specific causes of global DALYs are, in descending order, lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, perinatal disorders, unipolar major depression, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, tuberculosis, measles, road-traffic accidents, and congenital anomalies. 15.9% of DALYs worldwide are attributable to childhood malnutrition and 6.8% to poor water, and sanitation and personal and domestic hygiene. The three leading contributors to the burden of disease are communicable and perinatal disorders affecting children. The substantial burdens of neuropsychiatric disorders and injuries are under-recognised. The epidemiological transition in terms of DALYs has progressed substantially in China, Latin America and the Caribbean, other Asia and islands, and the middle eastern crescent. If the burdens of disability and death are taken into account, our list differs substantially from other lists of the leading causes of death. DALYs provide a common metric to aid meaningful comparison of the burden of risk factors, diseases, and injuries.

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The effect of joint exposure to alcohol and tobacco on risk of cancer of the mouth and pharynx.

Kenneth Jay Rothman, Andrew Keller (1972)

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Environmental factors and high risk of esophageal cancer among men in coastal South Carolina.

Joel Schuman, A. Ershow, Andrew Marks … (1988)

A case-control study involving interviews of 207 men with esophageal cancer and 422 control subjects or their next of kin was conducted to identify reasons for the unusually high rates of esophageal cancer among men in coastal South Carolina. Tobacco and alcohol, including moonshine, were identified as the major determinants of esophageal cancer risk. Increased risk was also associated with low intake of fresh fruits but not with drinking of local herbal teas. The findings suggest that efforts aimed at reducing tobacco and alcohol use will help to lower the elevated rates of esophageal cancer in coastal South Carolina.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): DDI

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dig Dis

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0257-2753

Title: Digestive Diseases

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISBN: 978-3-8055-8114-1

ISBN: 978-3-318-01344-3

ISSN (Print): 0257-2753

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9875

Publication date Subscription-year: 2005

Publication date (Print): February 2006

Publication date (Electronic): 27 February 2006

Volume: 23

Issue: 3-4

Pages: 204-213

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Medicine II (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases), University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, and ^bDepartment of Medicine, St. Joseph Hospital, Bremen, Germany

Article

Publisher ID: 90167 Other ID: Dig Dis 2005;23:204–213

DOI: 10.1159/000090167

PubMed ID: 16508284

SO-VID: 1eeb1ec6-8b9d-497a-887c-ecd6a70ce468

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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Figures: 7, Tables: 1, References: 96, Pages: 10

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Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Esophagus and Stomach

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Abstract

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Karger: Gastroenterology

Most cited references 50

Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study.

The effect of joint exposure to alcohol and tobacco on risk of cancer of the mouth and pharynx.

Environmental factors and high risk of esophageal cancer among men in coastal South Carolina.

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Cited by 52

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