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      Fatores prognósticos e sobrevida em recém-nascidos com hérnia diafragmática congênita Translated title: Prognostic factors and survival in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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          Abstract

          Objetivo:analisar a importância de fatores prognósticos para sobrevida, no período neonatal, de pacientes com hérnia diafragmática congênita (HDC) tratados no Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP e comparar os resultados com os da literatura. Com isso, permitir a atualização do aconselhamento familiar e orientar mudanças de conduta em nosso serviço. Método: estudo retrospectivo de 27 casos consecutivos de recém-nascidos com HDC, admitidos no serviço de cirurgia pediátrica do Instituto da Criança do HCFMUSP entre abril de 1991 e janeiro de 2002, e comparação estatística com dados de meta-análise da literatura. Resultados: dos 27 pacientes, 12 nasceram na instituição, e 15 foram transferidos após o nascimento. Doze (44%) tiveram diagnóstico pré-natal, e 85% (23/27) eram nascidos de termo. A maioria apresentou desconforto respiratório precoce e necessitou intubação em sala de parto. Seis crianças (22%) reuniam critérios para indicação de ECMO. Vinte pacientes (74%) foram submetidos à correção cirúrgica, e sete (26%) evoluíram a óbito sem conseguir estabilização clínica mínima para a cirurgia (cinco destes apresentavam critérios para indicação de ECMO). A mortalidade pós-operatória foi de 25% (5/20). A sobrevida global no período neonatal foi de 56% (15/27). A sobrevida dos nascidos em nosso hospital foi de 33% (4/12), e dos casos externos foi de 73% (11/15). Desconforto respiratório grave, indicação precoce de ventilação mecânica e hipoxemia grave (pO2 pós-ductal < 100mmHg apesar de terapêutica máxima) foram fatores de mau prognóstico, estatisticamente significativos. Conclusão: nossa elevada mortalidade de recém-nascidos com HDC é estatisticamente semelhante à descrita na literatura internacional. No grupo de pacientes não responsivos ao tratamento padrão disponível, a utilização de ECMO poderia reduzir a mortalidade. A repercussão desta estratégia terapêutica na sobrevida global depende de outros fatores não analisados neste estudo. O aconselhamento dos familiares de pacientes com HDC, em nosso serviço, pode seguir o mesmo padrão do referido na literatura mundial.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: to evaluate the prognostic factors importance to survival in neonatal period of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia treated at Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine of Universidade de São Paulo, and to compare the outcome with data published in medical literature. So that the results of this study might allow updating family counseling and guiding changes in clinical management of our department. Methods: retrospective study of 27 consecutive newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department of Instituto da Criança, School of Medicine of Universidade de São Paulo, from April 1991 to January 2002, and statistical comparison with medical literature metanalysis data. Results: of 27 patients, 15 were born at our institution and 12 were admitted by transference after birth. Twelve (44%) have had congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed prenatally and 23 (85%) were full-term newborns. Most patients presented early respiratory distress and needed intubation at delivery room. Six newborns presented criteria for indication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Twenty patients (74%) were submitted to operative repair and seven (26%) died without the minimal clinical stabilization necessary for surgical procedure (five of these patients reached criteria for indication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). The postoperative mortality was 25% (5/20). The overall survival of neonatal period was 56% (15/27). The survival of patients that were born at our hospital was 33% (4/12), and the survival of the newborns admitted by transference was 73% (11/15). Severe respiratory distress, early indication to mechanical ventilation and severe hypoxemia (post-ductal pO2 < 100 mmHg despite all efforts) were identified as predictors of bad outcome with statistical significance. Conclusion: our high mortality rate of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia is statistically similar to that described in international publications. In the group of non-responsive patients to standard treatment available, the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation should be able to reduce mortality. The impact of this therapeutical strategy in the overall survival depends on other factors that were not analyzed in the present study. Family counseling of patients' parents on congenital diaphragmatic hernia in our department may follow the same patterns referred in world medical literature.

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          Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in 120 infants treated consecutively with permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration/elective repair.

          Poor prognosis (approximately 50% survival rate and significant morbidity) traditionally has been associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The authors reviewed a single institution experience and challenged conventional wisdom in the context of a care strategy based on permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration/elective repair. From August 1992 through February 2000, all infants with CDH and (1) respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, (2) in-born or (3) transferred preoperatively within hours of birth are reported. All respiratory care strategy used permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration and combined with elective repair. Arterial blood gas values and concomitant ventilator support were recorded. Outcome markers were (1) need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECMO, (2) discharge to home, (3) supplemental oxygen need at discharge, and (4) influence of non-ECMO ancillary therapies (surfactant, nitric oxide, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation). One hundred twenty consecutive infants were reviewed. Overall survival rate was 75.8%, but, excluding 18 of 120 not treated (6 lethal anomalies, 10 overwhelming pulmonary hypoplasia, 3 prerepair ECMO-related neurocomplications), 84.4% survived to discharge. A total of 67/120 were inborn. Non-ECMO ancillary treatments had no impact on survival rate. ECMO was used in 13.3%. Surgery was transabdominal; prosthetics were used in 7%. Tube thoracostomy was rare. Every inborn patient (n = 11) requiring a chest tube for pneumothorax died. Respiratory support before surgery was peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), 22, FIO(2),.43 with PaO(2), 66 torr; PaCO(2), 41 torr; and pH, 7.32. The survivors discharged on oxygen (n = 2) died at 4 and 7 months. The majority of infants with life-threatening CDH treated with permissive hypercapnea/spontaneous respiration/elective surgery survive to discharge with minimal pulmonary morbidity. Copyright 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company.
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            Echocardiographic predictors of outcome in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

            Despite new treatments, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) still has high mortality. The aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic predictors of outcome in newborns with an isolated CDH.
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              Delayed repair and preoperative ECMO does not improve survival in high-risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                jped
                Jornal de Pediatria
                J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)
                Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (Porto Alegre )
                1678-4782
                February 2003
                : 79
                : 1
                : 81-86
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0021-75572003000100014
                10.1590/S0021-75572003000100014
                1f4d28bb-8504-40fe-9331-97957f818f2b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0021-7557&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                congenital diaphragmatic hernia,extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,newborn respiratory failure,hérnia diafragmática congênita,ECMO,insuficiência respiratória no recém-nascido

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