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      Eating Disorder Behaviors Are Increasing: Findings from Two Sequential Community Surveys in South Australia

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          Abstract

          Background

          Evidence for an increase in the prevalence of eating disorders is inconsistent. Our aim was to determine change in the population point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors over a 10-year period.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          Eating disorder behaviors were assessed in consecutive general population surveys of men and women conducted in 1995 (n = 3001, 72% respondents) and 2005 (n = 3047, 63.1% respondents). Participants were randomly sampled from households in rural and metropolitan South Australia. There was a significant (all p<0.01) and over two-fold increase in the prevalence of binge eating, purging (self-induced vomiting and/or laxative or diuretic misuse) and strict dieting or fasting for weight or shape control among both genders. The most common diagnosis in 2005 was either binge eating disorder or other “eating disorders not otherwise specified” (EDNOS; n = 119, 4.2%).

          Conclusions/Significance

          In this population sample the point prevalence of eating disorder behaviors increased over the past decade. Cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, as currently defined, remain uncommon.

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          Most cited references26

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          Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders.

          Hans Wijbrand Hoek, Daphne van Hoeken (2003)
          To review the literature on the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders. We searched Medline using several key terms relating to epidemiology and eating disorders and we checked the reference lists of the articles that we found. Special attention has been paid to methodologic problems affecting the selection of populations under study and the identification of cases. An average prevalence rate for anorexia nervosa of 0.3% was found for young females. The prevalence rates for bulimia nervosa were 1% and 0.1% for young women and young men, respectively. The estimated prevalence of binge eating disorder is at least 1%. The incidence of anorexia nervosa is 8 cases per 100,000 population per year and the incidence of bulimia nervosa is 12 cases per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of anorexia nervosa increased over the past century, until the 1970s. Only a minority of people who meet stringent diagnostic criteria for eating disorders are seen in mental health care. Copyright 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 383-396, 2003.
          Article 0 comments Cited 242 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Time trends in eating disorder incidence.

            Laura Currin Salter, Ulrike Schmidt, Hershel Jick … (2005)
            During the years 1988-1993 the primary care incidence of anorexia nervosa in the UK remained stable, but the incidence of bulimia nervosa increased threefold. To determine whether the incidence of anorexia nervosa remained stable, and that of bulimia nervosa continued to increase, in the years 1994-2000. The General Practice Research Database was screened for new cases of anorexia and bulimia nervosa between 1994 and 2000. Annual incidence rates were calculated for females aged 10-39 years and compared with rates from the previous 5 years. In 2000 primary care incidence rates were 4.7 and 6.6 per 100,000 population for anorexia and bulimia nervosa, respectively. The incidence of anorexia nervosa remained remarkably consistent over the period studied. Overall there was an increase in the incidence of bulimia, but rates declined after a peak in 1996. This study provides further evidence for the stability of anorexia nervosa incidence rates. Decreased symptom recognition and changes in service use might have contributed to observed changes in the incidence of bulimia nervosa.
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              Time trends in the incidence of eating disorders: a primary care study in the Netherlands.

              Eve Van Cauter, P Balen, Daphne van der A … (2006)
              This Dutch epidemiological study used primary care-based data to examine changes in the incidence of eating disorders in the 1990s compared to the 1980s. A nationwide network of general practitioners, serving a representative sample of the total Dutch population, recorded newly diagnosed patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in their practices during 1985-1989 and 1995-1999. The overall incidence of AN was stable (from 7.4 to 7.7 per 100,000). However, the incidence among 15-19-year-old females increased significantly (from 56.4 to 109.2 per 100,000). The incidence rate of BN decreased nonsignificantly from 8.6 to 6.1 per 100,000. The time trend of an increasing AN incidence among the high risk group continued to the end of the past century. The BN incidence did not rise as was expected. (c) 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
              Article 0 comments Cited 45 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2008
                Publication date (Electronic): 6 February 2008
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: e1541
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
                [2 ]School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
                [3 ]School Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
                [4 ]Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
                Office of the WHO Representative in Sudan, Sudan
                Author notes
                * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: p.hay@ 123456uws.edu.au

                Conceived and designed the experiments: PH AD. Performed the experiments: AD. Analyzed the data: PH JM PB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PH PB. Wrote the paper: PH JM PB. Other: Enrolled patients: PH.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 07-PONE-RA-01885R2
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001541
                PMC ID: 2212110
                PubMed ID: 18253489
                SO-VID: 1fc4ca9e-de36-46c0-b983-b1aeb7730646
                Copyright © Hay et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 30 July 2007
                Date accepted : 2 January 2008
                Page count
                Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Mental Health/Eating Disorders

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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