Religiosidade e enfrentamento em contextos de saúde e doença: revisão da literatura

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Abstract

No contexto das práticas de saúde, observa-se alusão freqüente à influência de aspectos religiosos na cura e no tratamento de enfermidades. Nessa perspectiva, a interface entre religiosidade e enfrentamento tem sido investigada, principalmente nas últimas duas décadas, em especial, por pesquisadores das ciências sociais e da saúde. Este artigo é uma revisão da literatura sobre religiosidade e enfrentamento no processo saúde-doença. O uso de estratégias cognitivas e/ou comportamentais para lidar com estressores, advindas da religiosidade da pessoa, é denominado enfrentamento religioso. São abordados aspectos históricos da associação entre religiosidade e saúde, as funções positivas e negativas do enfrentamento religioso, instrumentos de medida e avaliação do enfrentamento religioso e resultados de pesquisas na área.

Translated abstract

There are frequent allusions to the influence of religious aspects on cure and ilness processes in health contexts. In the last two decades, the relationship between religiosity and coping has been investigated mostly by social sciences and health researchers. This article consists on a literature review about religiosity and coping in health contexts. Cognitive or behavioral strategies which come from religiosity in order to cope with stress are called religious coping. This review includes historic aspects of the connection between religiosity and health, the positive and negative functions of religious coping, the religious coping assessment by instruments, and some research results in this area.

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Religion and health: public health research and practice.

L Chatters (1999)

Research examining the relationships between religion and the health of individuals and populations has become increasingly visible in the social, behavioral, and health sciences. Systematic programs of research investigate religious phenomena within the context of coherent theoretical and conceptual frameworks that describe the causes and consequences of religious involvement for health outcomes. Recent research has validated the multidimensional aspects of religious involvement and investigated how religious factors operate through various biobehavioral and psychosocial constructs to affect health status through proposed mechanisms that link religion and health. Methodological and analytical advances in the field permit the development of more complex models of religion's effects, in keeping with proposed theoretical explanations. Investigations of religion and health have ethical and practical implications that should be addressed by the lay public, health professionals, the research community, and the clergy. Future research directions point to promising new areas of investigation that could bridge the constructs of religion and health.