Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans in human cerebrospinal fluid: a case report in a patient with traumatic brain injury

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Members of the genus Pseudonocardia have been widely reported and recovered from several ecosystems, such as soil samples and plant samples. Pseudonocardia bacteria colonize the microbial communities on the integument of fungus gardening ant species. We present the first documented case of Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans isolated in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an human infection by P. carboxydivorans.

Case presentation

A patient, who suffered a traumatic brain injury a month before, was admitted to this hospital due to gait alteration and cognitive disturbances. Culture of cerebrospinal fluid showed ramified, not acid-fast, Gram positive bacilli. The bacterium was identified by molecular methods as P. carboxydivorans.

Conclusion

This is the first documented case of isolating P. carboxydivorans in human CSF in a case of probable meningitis. Further research is needed in order to determine its pathogenic role in human infections.

Related collections

Most cited references 7

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of a large collection of environmental and clinical unidentifiable bacterial isolates.

M Drancourt, C Bollet, A Carlioz … (2000)

Some bacteria are difficult to identify with phenotypic identification schemes commonly used outside reference laboratories. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-based identification of bacteria potentially offers a useful alternative when phenotypic characterization methods fail. However, as yet, the usefulness of 16S rDNA sequence analysis in the identification of conventionally unidentifiable isolates has not been evaluated with a large collection of isolates. In this study, we evaluated the utility of 16S rDNA sequencing as a means to identify a collection of 177 such isolates obtained from environmental, veterinary, and clinical sources. For 159 isolates (89.8%) there was at least one sequence in GenBank that yielded a similarity score of > or =97%, and for 139 isolates (78.5%) there was at least one sequence in GenBank that yielded a similarity score of > or =99%. These similarity score values were used to defined identification at the genus and species levels, respectively. For isolates identified to the species level, conventional identification failed to produce accurate results because of inappropriate biochemical profile determination in 76 isolates (58.7%), Gram staining in 16 isolates (11.6%), oxidase and catalase activity determination in 5 isolates (3.6%) and growth requirement determination in 2 isolates (1.5%). Eighteen isolates (10.2%) remained unidentifiable by 16S rDNA sequence analysis but were probably prototype isolates of new species. These isolates originated mainly from environmental sources (P = 0.07). The 16S rDNA approach failed to identify Enterobacter and Pantoea isolates to the species level (P = 0.04; odds ratio = 0.32 [95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 1.14]). Elsewhere, the usefulness of 16S rDNA sequencing was compromised by the presence of 16S rDNA sequences with >1% undetermined positions in the databases. Unlike phenotypic identification, which can be modified by the variability of expression of characters, 16S rDNA sequencing provides unambiguous data even for rare isolates, which are reproducible in and between laboratories. The increase in accurate new 16S rDNA sequences and the development of alternative genes for molecular identification of certain taxa should further improve the usefulness of molecular identification of bacteria.

0 comments Cited 261 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: found

Is Open Access

The lung microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity

Jose U Scher, Vijay Joshua, Alejandro Artacho … (2016)

Background Airway abnormalities and lung tissue citrullination are found in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and individuals at-risk for disease development. This suggests the possibility that the lung could be a site of autoimmunity generation in RA, perhaps in response to microbiota changes. We therefore sought to test whether the RA lung microbiome contains distinct taxonomic features associated with local and/or systemic autoimmunity. Methods 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing was utilized to compare the bacterial community composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) in patients with early, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD)-naïve RA, patients with lung sarcoidosis, and healthy control subjects. Samples were further assessed for the presence and levels of anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (including fine specificities) in both BAL and serum. Results The BAL microbiota of RA patients was significantly less diverse and abundant when compared to healthy controls, but similar to sarcoidosis patients. This distal airway dysbiosis was attributed to the reduced presence of several genus (i.e., Actynomyces and Burkhordelia) as well as reported periodontopathic taxa, including Treponema, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas. While multiple clades correlated with local and systemic levels of autoantibodies, the genus Pseudonocardia and various related OTUs were the only taxa overrepresented in RA BAL and correlated with higher disease activity and erosions. Conclusions Distal airway dysbiosis is present in untreated early RA and similar to that detected in sarcoidosis lung inflammation. This community perturbation, which correlates with local and systemic autoimmune/inflammatory changes, may potentially drive initiation of RA in a proportion of cases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0206-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

0 comments Cited 85 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Infections in traumatic brain injury patients.

Irene S Kourbeti, J Papadakis, A Karabetsos … (2012)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) victims are considered to be at high risk for infection. The purpose of this cohort study was to delineate the rates, types and risk factors for infection in TBI patients. Retrospective surveillance of infections was conducted for all TBI patients, aged ≥18 years, cared for at the Department of Neurosurgery of the University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece, between 1999 and 2005. A total of 760 patients (75% men) with a median age of 41 years were included. Most (59%) were injured in a motor vehicle accident. One third of them underwent a surgical procedure. Two hundred and fourteen infections were observed. The majority were infections of the lower respiratory tract (47%), followed by surgical site infections (SSI) (17%). Multivariate analysis showed that SSI development was independently associated with the performance of ≥2 surgical procedures (OR 16.7), presence of concomitant infections, namely VAP (OR 5.7) and UTI (OR 8.8), insertion of lumbar (OR 34.5) and ventricular drains (OR 4.0), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak (OR 3.8). Development of meningitis was associated with prolonged hospitalization (OR 1.02), especially >7 days ICU stay (OR 25.5), and insertion of lumbar (OR 297) and ventricular drains (OR 9.1). There was a notable predominance of Acinetobacter spp. as a VAP pathogen; gram-positive organisms remained the most prevalent in SSI cases. Respiratory tract infections were the most common among TBI patients. Device-related communication of the CSF with the environment and prolonged hospitalization, especially in the ICU setting, were independent risk factors for SSIs and meningitis cases. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.

0 comments Cited 32 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Amalia Navarro-Martínez:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-4201

34-67-597215 , amalia.n.m@sescam.jccm.es

Noelia Corominas: n.corominas@hotmail.es

Caridad Sainz de Baranda: csainzd@sescam.jccm.es

Ángel Escudero-Jiménez: aescudero021281@gmail.com

Javier Solera: solera53@yahoo.es

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Infect Dis

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Infect. Dis

Title: BMC Infectious Diseases

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2334

Publication date (Electronic): 6 July 2017

Publication date PMC-release: 6 July 2017

Publication date Collection: 2017

Volume: 17

Electronic Location Identifier: 472

Affiliations

[1 ]Internal Medicine Department, University General Hospital, C/ Hermanos Falcó s/n, 02006 Albacete, Spain

[2 ]Microbiology Department, University General Hospital, C/Hermanos Falcó s/n, 02006 Albacete, Spain

[3 ]National Center of Microbiology (ISCIII, Madrid), Madrid, Spain

Author information

Amalia Navarro-Martínez http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-4201

Article

Publisher ID: 2538

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2538-y

PMC ID: 5501069

PubMed ID: 28683769

SO-VID: 201c2027-d3cd-40f4-a6ec-a5d3f7107796

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 25 July 2016

Date accepted : 9 June 2017

Funding

Funded by: Comisión de Investigación del ComplejoHospitalario Universitario de Albacete

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: pseudonocardia carboxydivorans,human cerebrospinal fluid (csf),traumatic brain injury (tbi),carboxydobacteria

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology

Keywords: pseudonocardia carboxydivorans, human cerebrospinal fluid (csf), traumatic brain injury (tbi), carboxydobacteria

Pseudonocardia carboxydivorans in human cerebrospinal fluid: a case report in a patient with traumatic brain injury

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Case presentation

Conclusion

Related collections

Monkeypox

Most cited references 7

16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis of a large collection of environmental and clinical unidentifiable bacterial isolates.

The lung microbiota in early rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity

Infections in traumatic brain injury patients.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author information

Article

History

Funding

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 352

Cited by 3

Most referenced authors 68