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      The 2020 Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension (SIIA) practical guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism

      review-article
      a , , a , b , c , a , d , e , f , g , h , e , i , j , d , k , l , a , m , h , n , o , p , n , q , r , r , d , h , p , a , s , n , a
      International Journal of Cardiology Hypertension
      Elsevier
      Primary aldosteronism, Hypertension, Guidelines, Diagnosis, Treatment

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          Abstract

          Background and aim

          Considering the amount of novel knowledge generated in the last five years, a team of experienced hypertensionlogists was assembled to furnish updated clinical practice guidelines for the management of primary aldosteronism.

          Methods

          To identify the most relevant studies, the authors utilized a systematic literature review in international databases by applying the PICO strategy, and then they were required to make use of only those meeting predefined quality criteria. For studies of diagnostic tests, only those that fulfilled the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations were considered.

          Results

          Each section was jointly prepared by at least two co-authors, who provided Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence following the American Heart Association methodology. The guidelines were sponsored by the Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension and underwent two rounds of revision, eventually reexamined by an External Committee. They were presented and thoroughly discussed in two face-to-face meetings with all co-authors and then presented on occasion of the 36th Italian Society of Arterial Hypertension meeting in order to gather further feedbacks by all members. The text amended according to these feedbacks was subjected to a further peer review.

          Conclusions

          After this process, substantial updated information was generated, which could simplify the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and assist practicing physicians in optimizing treatment and follow-up of patients with one of the most common curable causes of arterial hypertension.

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          Most cited references205

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          2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS.

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            STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies

            Incomplete reporting has been identified as a major source of avoidable waste in biomedical research. Essential information is often not provided in study reports, impeding the identification, critical appraisal, and replication of studies. To improve the quality of reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies, the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement was developed. Here we present STARD 2015, an updated list of 30 essential items that should be included in every report of a diagnostic accuracy study. This update incorporates recent evidence about sources of bias and variability in diagnostic accuracy and is intended to facilitate the use of STARD. As such, STARD 2015 may help to improve completeness and transparency in reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies.
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              The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

              To develop clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with primary aldosteronism.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Int J Cardiol Hypertens
                Int J Cardiol Hypertens
                International Journal of Cardiology Hypertension
                Elsevier
                2590-0862
                15 April 2020
                June 2020
                15 April 2020
                : 5
                : 100029
                Affiliations
                [a ]Clinica dell'Ipertensione Arteriosa, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padua, Italy
                [b ]Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                [c ]Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
                [d ]Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Unit of Secondary Arterial Hypertension, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy
                [e ]University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
                [f ]Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Trieste, Italy
                [g ]Department of Medicine, DIMED, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, Italy
                [h ]Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico "G.B. Rossi", Italy
                [i ]Division of Endocrinology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
                [j ]University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
                [k ]Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
                [l ]CNR-IFC Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Reggio Calabria, Italy
                [m ]UO Medicina Interna, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
                [n ]Hypertension Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
                [o ]Centro Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Ospedale Policlinico, Università Milano, Milan, Italy
                [p ]Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
                [q ]Department of Medicine, Center for Hypertension, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
                [r ]Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
                [s ]University of Glasgow, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, Glasgow, UK
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. DIMED –Clinica dell’Ipertensione Arteriosa, University Hospital, via Giustiniani, 2; 35126, Padova, Italy. gianpaolo.rossi@ 123456unipd.it
                Article
                S2590-0862(20)30006-9 100029
                10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100029
                7803025
                33447758
                20635560-b7a5-4b6b-a876-c1372d371b0b
                © 2020 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 9 March 2020
                : 7 April 2020
                Categories
                Review Article

                primary aldosteronism,hypertension,guidelines,diagnosis,treatment

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