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      Dual-Mode Gas Sensor Composed of a Silicon Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor and a Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator: A Case Study in Freons

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          Abstract

          In this paper, we develop a novel dual-mode gas sensor system which comprises a silicon nanoribbon field effect transistor (Si-NR FET) and a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR). We investigate their sensing characteristics using polar and nonpolar organic compounds, and demonstrate that polarity has a significant effect on the response of the Si-NR FET sensor, and only a minor effect on the FBAR sensor. In this dual-mode system, qualitative discrimination can be achieved by analyzing polarity with the Si-NR FET and quantitative concentration information can be obtained using a polymer-coated FBAR with a detection limit at the ppm level. The complementary performance of the sensing elements provides higher analytical efficiency. Additionally, a dual mixture of two types of freons (CFC-113 and HCFC-141b) is further analyzed with the dual-mode gas sensor. Owing to the small size and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-compatibility of the system, the dual-mode gas sensor shows potential as a portable integrated sensing system for the analysis of gas mixtures in the future.

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          A colorimetric sensor array for odour visualization.

          N Rakow, K Suslick (2000)
          Array-based vapour-sensing devices are used to detect and differentiate between chemically diverse analytes. These systems--based on cross-responsive sensor elements--aim to mimic the mammalian olfactory system by producing composite responses unique to each odorant. Previous work has concentrated on a variety of non-specific chemical interactions to detect non-coordinating organic vapours. But the most odiferous, toxic compounds often bind readily to metal ions. Here we report a simple optical chemical sensing method that utilizes the colour change induced in an array of metalloporphyrin dyes upon ligand binding while minimizing the need for extensive signal transduction hardware. The chemoselective response of a library of immobilized vapour-sensing metalloporphyrin dyes permits the visual identification of a wide range of ligating (alcohols, amines, ethers, phosphines, phosphites, thioethers and thiols) and even weakly ligating (arenes, halocarbons and ketones) vapours. Water vapour does not affect the performance of the device, which shows a good linear response to single analytes, and interpretable responses to analyte mixtures. Unique colour fingerprints can be obtained at analyte concentrations below 2 parts per million, and responses to below 100 parts per billion have been observed. We expect that this type of sensing array will be of practical importance for general-purpose vapour dosimeters and analyte-specific detectors (for insecticides, drugs or neurotoxins, for example).
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            Diagnosis and Classification of 17 Diseases from 1404 Subjects via Pattern Analysis of Exhaled Molecules

            Morad K Nakhleh, Haitham Amal, Raneen Jeries … (2016)
            We report on an artificially intelligent nanoarray based on molecularly modified gold nanoparticles and a random network of single-walled carbon nanotubes for noninvasive diagnosis and classification of a number of diseases from exhaled breath. The performance of this artificially intelligent nanoarray was clinically assessed on breath samples collected from 1404 subjects having one of 17 different disease conditions included in the study or having no evidence of any disease (healthy controls). Blind experiments showed that 86% accuracy could be achieved with the artificially intelligent nanoarray, allowing both detection and discrimination between the different disease conditions examined. Analysis of the artificially intelligent nanoarray also showed that each disease has its own unique breathprint, and that the presence of one disease would not screen out others. Cluster analysis showed a reasonable classification power of diseases from the same categories. The effect of confounding clinical and environmental factors on the performance of the nanoarray did not significantly alter the obtained results. The diagnosis and classification power of the nanoarray was also validated by an independent analytical technique, i.e., gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry. This analysis found that 13 exhaled chemical species, called volatile organic compounds, are associated with certain diseases, and the composition of this assembly of volatile organic compounds differs from one disease to another. Overall, these findings could contribute to one of the most important criteria for successful health intervention in the modern era, viz. easy-to-use, inexpensive (affordable), and miniaturized tools that could also be used for personalized screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of a number of diseases, which can clearly be extended by further development.
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              A review of gas sensors employed in electronic nose applications

              K. Arshak, E. E. Moore, G.M. Lyons … (2004)
              Article 0 comments Cited 120 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): sensors
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 January 2018
                Publication date Collection: February 2018
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 2
                Electronic Location Identifier: 343
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; cy0803@ 123456tju.edu.cn (Y.C.); xy_wang@ 123456tju.edu.cn (X.W.); weipang@ 123456tju.edu.cn (W.P.)
                [2 ]China Marine Development and Research Center (CMDRC), Beijing 100049, China; hzpeng117@ 123456163.com
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: hemi.qu@ 123456tju.edu.cn (H.Q.); xduan@ 123456tju.edu.cn (X.D.); Tel.: +86-22-2740-1002 (H.Q. & X.D.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-3951
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-18-00343
                DOI: 10.3390/s18020343
                PMC ID: 5855964
                PubMed ID: 29370109
                SO-VID: 20d2516e-4c78-48d9-8354-9209fe8f7f0a
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 December 2017
                Date accepted : 14 January 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: freons detection,bulk acoustic wave resonator,field effect transistor,dual-mode sensing,gas sensor
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: freons detection, bulk acoustic wave resonator, field effect transistor, dual-mode sensing, gas sensor

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