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      Infarto agudo do miocárdio: síndrome coronariana aguda com supradesnível do segmento ST Translated title: Acute myocardial infarction: acute coronary syndrome with ST-segment elevation

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          Abstract

          As doenças cardiovasculares continuam sendo a primeira causa de morte no Brasil, responsáveis por quase 32% de todos os óbitos. Além disso, são a terceira maior causa de internações no país. Entre elas, o infarto agudo do miocárdio ainda é uma das maiores causas de morbidade e mortalidade. Apesar dos avanços terapêuticos das últimas décadas, o infarto ainda apresenta expressivas taxas de mortalidade e grande parte dos pacientes não recebe o tratamento adequado. O advento das Unidades Coronarianas e a introdução do tratamento de reperfusão com fibrinolíticos ou angioplastia primária foram fundamentais para reduzir a mortalidade e as complicações relacionadas à doença. Efeitos benéficos importantes do tratamento atual incluem redução da disfunção ventricular e melhor controle das arritmias. A necessidade de reperfusão precoce é crucial para o bom prognóstico do infarto do miocárdio. O objetivo dessa revisão é enfatizar conceitos atuais básicos em relação à fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio, de acordo com as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais.

          Translated abstract

          Cardiovascular diseases continue to be the first cause of death in Brazil - responsible for almost 32% of all deaths. In addition, they are the third major cause of admission in the country. Among them, acute myocardial infarction is still one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Despite of the last decade's therapeutic advances, acute myocardial infarction still shows remarkable rates of mortality, and great part of the patients do not receive the adequate treatment. The opening of the Coronary Care Units and the introduction of reperfusion treatment with fibrinolytics or primary angioplasty were fundamental to reduce mortality and complications related to myocardial infarction. Important beneficial effects to the current treatment include less ventricular dysfunction and better control of ventricular arrhythmias. The need of early reperfusion is crucial for the good prognosis after a myocardial infarction. The objective of this review is to emphasize the modern basic concepts of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction, according to national and international guidelines.

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          Most cited references47

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          EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRAVENOUS THROMBOLYTIC TREATMENT IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

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            The pathophysiology of acute coronary syndromes.

            M. Davies (2000)
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              GISSI-3: effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'infarto Miocardico.

              GISSI-3 is a multicentre randomised clinical trial to assess the efficacy of lisinopril, transdermal glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), and their combination in improving survival and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Between June, 1991, and July, 1993, 19,394 patients were randomised from 200 coronary care units in Italy. Eligible patients presented within 24 h of symptom onset and had no clear indications for or against the study treatments. In a factorial design patients were randomly assigned 6 weeks of oral lisinopril (5 mg initial dose and then 10 mg daily) or open control as well as nitrates (intravenous for the first 24 h followed by transdermal GTN 10 mg daily) or open control. Complete clinical data and 6-week follow-up were available for 18,895 (97.4%) patients randomised. Two-dimensional echocardiographic data were available for 14,209 patients. Overall 6-week mortality was 6.7%. Lisinopril, started within 24 h from AMI symptoms, produced significant reductions in overall mortality (odds ratio 0.88 [95% CI 0.79-0.99]) and in the combined outcome measure of mortality and severe ventricular dysfunction (0.90 [0.84-0.98]). In the same trial the systematic administration of transdermal GTN did not show any independent effect on the same outcome measures (0.94 [0.84-1.05] and 0.94 [0.87-1.02]). Systematic combined administration of lisinopril and GTN also produced significant reductions in overall mortality (0.83 [0.70-0.97]) and in the combined endpoint (0.85 [0.76-0.94]). The favourable effect of lisinopril alone or with GTN was clear also in the predefined high-risk populations (elderly patients and women) for the combined endpoint. These findings were obtained in a population intensively exposed to recommended treatments (thrombolysis 72%, beta-blockade 31%, and aspirin 84%); non-protocol treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and nitrates was allowed for specific clinical indications. No excess of unfavourable clinically relevant events in the treated groups was reported.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo )
                1806-9282
                April 2004
                : 50
                : 2
                : 214-220
                Article
                S0104-42302004000200041
                10.1590/S0104-42302004000200041
                15286873
                21679bd9-91fb-4853-9784-2ba3f7efebc8

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4230&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Acute myocardial infarction Fibrinolytics,Primary angioplasty,Infarto agudo do miocárdio,Fibrinolíticos,Angioplastia primária

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