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      Significance of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in p16-Negative Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary in Head and Neck

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          Abstract

          Objective: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported to be associated with survival in solid malignancies. The main goal was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the NLR in patients with p16-negative squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (SCCUP) in head and neck.

          Methods: The association between the NLR and clinical pathologic variables was evaluated by the chi-square test. The primary endpoint of interest was disease-specific survival (DSS). Univariate and Coxmodel analyses were used to evaluate prognostic factors.

          Results: A total of 153 patients were included in the analysis. Cancer cachexia was noted in 10 patients. The mean NLR value was 3.9 (range: 1.4–8.3). A high NLR was significantly associated with cancer cachexia development. The 5-year DSS rate was 58%. In patients with NLRs varying from 1.4 to 3.7, the 5-year DSS rate was 71%; in patients with NLRs varying from 3.7 to 6.0, the 5-year DSS rate was 57%; in patients with NLRs varying from 6.0 to 8.3, the 5-year DSS rate was 39%, and the difference was significant ( p = 0.001). Further Cox model analysis confirmed the independence of the NLR in predicting survival.

          Conclusions: In patients with p16-negative SCCUP, an NLR ≥ 6.0 is significantly associated with worse prognosis.

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          On the cytokines produced by human neutrophils in tumors.

          Marco Cassatella, Giovanni Pizzolo, Patrizia Scapini … (2013)
          Although traditionally viewed as short-lived innate immunity cells, only playing a crucial role in host defense toward infections, neutrophils have recently become subject of a new wave of research in diverse areas including in tumors. Indeed, increasing experimental evidence indicate that neutrophils may directly or indirectly influence the tumor fate through the release of a wide array of molecules able to exert either pro-tumor or anti-tumor functions depending on the microenvironment milieu, including cytokines. This review therefore attempts to uncover the role that neutrophils play during the different steps of tumor development (from promotion to progression), as well as in anti-tumor responses, via cytokine production. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and overall survival in all sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

            Kristin Wallace, Saleh Rachidi, Zihai Li … (2016)
            Current prognostic criteria are insufficient in predicting outcomes in head and neck cancer, necessitating new, readily available biomarkers.
            Article 0 comments Cited 55 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Neutrophils as effector cells for antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer.

              Marjolein van Egmond, Jantine Bakema (2013)
              The use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a mainstream strategy for the treatment of cancer. After binding to the target antigen, they mediate a plethora of effector functions for elimination of tumour cells. These range from direct effects like induction of apoptosis or growth inhibition of tumour cells to activation of immune system components, including the initiation of complement-dependent lysis or recruitment of immune effector cells. Neutrophils are generally not considered as potential effector cells. However, the most abundant population of circulating white blood cells consists of neutrophils, which express Fc receptors for both immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA. In the presence of mAbs that are directed against tumour cells, they execute potent cytotoxic functions. Moreover, as they play a role in regulating adaptive immunity, neutrophil activation may lead to the generation of anti-tumour immune responses as well. This article addresses the possibility of exploiting neutrophils for mAb-based immunotherapy of cancer.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Oncol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Oncol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Oncol.
                Title: Frontiers in Oncology
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2234-943X
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 January 2020
                Publication date Collection: 2020
                Volume: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 39
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
                [2] 2Department of Head Neck and Thyroid, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital , Zhengzhou, China
                Author notes

                Edited by: Remco De Bree, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands

                Reviewed by: Einar Dale, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Zhenning Li, University at Buffalo, United States; Shuang Bai, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, China

                *Correspondence: Qigen Fang qigenfang@ 123456126.com

                This article was submitted to Head and Neck Cancer, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oncology

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00039
                PMC ID: 7001523
                PubMed ID: 32083001
                SO-VID: 21eb528f-7a92-4c8f-ad4c-d11f158d519c
                Copyright © Copyright © 2020 Xu, Yuan, Du, Wu, Fang, Zhang and Li.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 15 August 2019
                Date accepted : 09 January 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 6, Words: 4050
                Categories
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: head neck squamous cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,prognosis,cancer cachexia
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: head neck squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognosis, cancer cachexia

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