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      Damage control surgical management of combined small and large bowel injuries in penetrating trauma: Are ostomies still pertinent? Translated title: Cirugía de control de daños en lesiones combinadas de intestino delgado y colon en trauma penetrante: ¿Es pertinente el uso de ostomías?

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 3 , , 4 , 5 , 5 , 6 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 7 , 2 , 7 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 2 , 7 , 2 , 8 , 2 , 7 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 9 , 10 , 2 , 8 , 11
      Colombia Médica : CM
      Universidad del Valle
      Penetrating Combined Small and Large Bowel Injuries, Damage Control Surgery, Definitive Laparotomy, Primary Anastomosis, Deferred Anastomosis, Ostomy, Injury Severity Score, Laparotomy, Anastomotic Leak, Surgical Anastomosis, Fistula, Lesiones penetrantes de intestino delgado y colon, Cirugía de Control de Daños, Laparotomía Definitiva, Anastomosis Primaria, Anastomosis Diferida, Ostomía

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          Abstract

          Hollow viscus injuries represent a significant portion of overall lesions sustained during penetrating trauma. Currently, isolated small or large bowel injuries are commonly managed via primary anastomosis in patients undergoing definitive laparotomy or deferred anastomosis in patients requiring damage control surgery. The traditional surgical dogma of ostomy has proven to be unnecessary and, in many instances, actually increases morbidity. The aim of this article is to delineate the experience obtained in the management of combined hollow viscus injuries of patients suffering from penetrating trauma. We sought out to determine if primary and/or deferred bowel injury repair via anastomosis is the preferred surgical course in patients suffering from combined small and large bowel penetrating injuries. Our experience shows that more than 90% of all combined penetrating bowel injuries can be managed via primary or deferred anastomosis, even in the most severe cases requiring the application of damage control principles. Applying this strategy, the overall need for an ostomy (primary or deferred) could be reduced to less than 10%.

          Resumen

          El trauma de las vísceras huecas representa una gran proporción de las lesiones asociadas al trauma penetrante. Actualmente, las lesiones aisladas de intestino delgado o colon se manejan a través de anastomosis primaria en pacientes sometidos a laparotomía definitiva o anastomosis diferida en pacientes que requieran cirugía de control de daños. El dogma quirúrgico tradicional de la ostomía se ha probado que es innecesario y en muchos casos puede aumentar la morbilidad. El objetivo de este artículo es describir la experiencia obtenida en el manejo de lesiones combinadas de vísceras huecas de pacientes con trauma penetrante. Se determinó que el manejo primario o diferido del intestino a través de anastomosis es el abordaje quirúrgico preferido en pacientes que presentan lesiones penetrantes combinadas de intestino delgado y colon. Se ha reportado que el 90% de lesiones combinadas penetrantes intestinales pueden ser manejadas a través de anastomosis primaria o diferida incluso en los casos más severos requieren la aplicación de los principios de control de daños. Aplicando esta estrategia, la tasa general para ostomía (primaria o diferida) puede ser reducida a menos del 10%.

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          Most cited references42

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          Organ injury scaling, II: Pancreas, duodenum, small bowel, colon, and rectum.

          The Organ Injury Scaling (O.I.S.) Committee of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (A.A.S.T.) has been charged to devise injury severity scores for individual organs to facilitate clinical research. Our first report (1) addressed O.I.S.'s for the Spleen, Liver, and Kidney; the following are proposed O.I.S.'s for Pancreas (Table I), Duodenum (Table II), Small Bowel (Table III), Colon (Table IV), and Rectum (Table V). The grading scheme is fundamentally an anatomic description, scaled from 1 to 5, representing the least to the most severe injury. We emphasize that these O.I.S.'s represent an initial classification system which must undergo continued refinement as clinical experience dictates.
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            The AAST prospective Aortic Occlusion for Resuscitation in Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) registry: Data on contemporary utilization and outcomes of aortic occlusion and resuscitative balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA).

            Aortic occlusion (AO) for resuscitation in traumatic shock remains controversial. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) offers an emerging alternative.
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              How to assess intestinal viability during surgery: A review of techniques.

              Objective and quantitative intraoperative methods of bowel viability assessment are essential in gastrointestinal surgery. Exact determination of the borderline of the viable bowel with the help of an objective test could result in a decrease of postoperative ischemic complications. An accurate, reproducible and cost effective method is desirable in every operating theater dealing with abdominal operations. Numerous techniques assessing various parameters of intestinal viability are described by the studies. However, there is no consensus about their clinical use. To evaluate the available methods, a systematic search of the English literature was performed. Virtues and drawbacks of the techniques and possibilities of clinical application are reviewed. Valuable parameters related to postoperative intestinal anastomotic or stoma complications are analyzed. Important issues in the measurement and interpretation of bowel viability are discussed. To date, only a few methods are applicable in surgical practice. Further studies are needed to determine the limiting values of intestinal tissue oxygenation and flow indicative of ischemic complications and to standardize the methods.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Colomb Med (Cali)
                Colombia Médica : CM
                Universidad del Valle
                0120-8322
                1657-9534
                27 April 2021
                Apr-Jun 2021
                : 52
                : 2
                : e4114425
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. Cali, Colombia
                [2 ] Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery. Cali, Colombia
                [3 ] Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
                [4 ] Broward General Level I Trauma Center, Department of Trauma Critical Care, Fort Lauderdale, FL - USA
                [5 ] Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Colombia
                [6 ] Hospital UTPL, Department of Surgery. Loja, Ecuador
                [7 ] Hospital Universitario del Valle, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Cali, Colombia
                [8 ] Centro Médico Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
                [9 ] Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                [10 ]Pisa University Hospital, Emergency and Trauma Surgery, Department of General, Pisa, Italy
                [11 ] Professor Emeritus Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
                Author notes
                [Corresponding Author: ] Carlos A. Ordonez, MD, FACS. Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery. Fundación Valle del Lili. Cali, Colombia; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia. Email: ordonezcarlosa@ 123456gmail.com , carlos.ordonez@ 123456fvl.org.co
                [Autor de correspondencia: ] Carlos A. Ordonez, MD, FACS. Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery. Fundación Valle del Lili. Cali, Colombia; Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia. Email: ordonezcarlosa@ 123456gmail.com , carlos.ordonez@ 123456fvl.org.co

                Conflicts of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

                Conflicto de intereses: Declaramos que ninguno de los autores tiene algún conflicto de intereses.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-7405
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6496-6275
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-0128
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-6919
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7904-2646
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-8930
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5326-2317
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-1434
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8187-0638
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-2854
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-4906
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                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-4186
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2391-5628
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-7836
                Article
                10.25100/cm.v52i2.4425
                8216049
                34188327
                22447608-c1de-4599-8fe4-c93ea74b256b
                Copyright © 2021 Colombia Medica

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 07 January 2020
                : 16 October 2020
                : 27 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 10, Tables: 6, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 0
                Categories
                Review

                penetrating combined small and large bowel injuries,damage control surgery,definitive laparotomy,primary anastomosis,deferred anastomosis,ostomy,injury severity score,laparotomy,anastomotic leak,surgical anastomosis,fistula,lesiones penetrantes de intestino delgado y colon,cirugía de control de daños,laparotomía definitiva,anastomosis primaria,anastomosis diferida,ostomía

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