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      Generation of 3D Tooth Models Based on Three-dimensional Scanning to Study the Morphology of Permanent Teeth Translated title: Generación de Modelos de diente 3D Basados en Escaneo Tridimensional para el Estudio Morfológico de Dientes Permanentes

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          Abstract

          The dental student should have thorough knowledge of the dental morphology and develop adequate manual skill to reproduce any part of the tooth, thus maintaining the perfect correlation with associated structures. Computers are becoming an integral part of dental education and dental practice, especially for the acquisition of information in three dimensions and the production of solid objects from computer models. The aim was to present educational material that would allow the dental student to learn to easily identify the morphologic characteristics of permanent teeth, using new technological tools. In order to do this, healthy permanent teeth were scanning by NextEngine 3D Scanner HD using the MultiDrive. A 360° scan in macro range was chosen in each case. The number of scans for this family was 16, due to surface irregularities that require readings from a greater number of angles. Volumes of external structures of the scanned tooth were generated and stored in *.STL files. Virtual models were transferred in to programs used for producing physical prototypes that faithfully reproduce anatomy of interest using ReplicatorG software and MBot Grid II 3D printer. 3D virtual and printed macro models of permanent teeth were obtained. This models allows an excellent visualization of the morphological characteristics of permanent teeth. 3D virtual and printed teeth, derived from real tooth, are intended to be a valuable learning tool that can be used in addition to or instead of extracted teeth and they are anticipated to represent an improvement over plastic teeth.

          Translated abstract

          El estudiante de odontología debe tener un conocimiento profundo de la morfología dental y desarrollar la habilidad manual adecuada para reproducir cualquier parte del diente, manteniendo así la correlación perfecta con las estructuras asociadas. La tecnología se está convirtiendo en una parte integral de la educación y la práctica dental, especialmente por la generación de información en tres dimensiones y la producción de objetos sólidos a partir de modelos computadorizados. El objetivo fue desarrollar material educativo que permita al estudiante de odontología aprender a identificar fácilmente las características morfológicas de los dientes permanentes, utilizando las nuevas herramientas tecnológicas. Dientes permanentes sanos maxilares y mandibulares fueron digitalizados utilizando un escáner 3D HD NextEngine mediante sistemática MultiDrive. Una exploración de 360° en rango macro fue elegido en cada caso. El número de escaneos para cada diente de 16, debido al nivel de detalle e irregularidades de las superficies dentarias que requieren lecturas de un mayor número de ángulos. Los volúmenes externos de los dientes escaneados fueron generados y almacenados en archivos *.STL. Las reconstrucciones generadas fueron transferidas para la producción de prototipos físicos que reproducen fielmente la anatomía de interés utilizando el programa ReplicatorG y la impresora Mbot Grid II 3D. Se obtuvieron modelos virtuales 3D y macro modelos impresoss en 3D de los dientes permanentes. Estos modelos permiten una excelente visualización de las características morfológicas. Los modelos dentarios virtuales e impresos en 3D, derivados de un diente real, son una valiosa herramienta de aprendizaje que se puede utilizar además de o en lugar de dientes extraídos, y representan una mejora anatómica sobre los modelos de dientes plásticos utilizados actualmente.

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          Rapid prototyping and stereolithography in dentistry

          The word rapid prototyping (RP) was first used in mechanical engineering field in the early 1980s to describe the act of producing a prototype, a unique product, the first product, or a reference model. In the past, prototypes were handmade by sculpting or casting, and their fabrication demanded a long time. Any and every prototype should undergo evaluation, correction of defects, and approval before the beginning of its mass or large scale production. Prototypes may also be used for specific or restricted purposes, in which case they are usually called a preseries model. With the development of information technology, three-dimensional models can be devised and built based on virtual prototypes. Computers can now be used to create accurately detailed projects that can be assessed from different perspectives in a process known as computer aided design (CAD). To materialize virtual objects using CAD, a computer aided manufacture (CAM) process has been developed. To transform a virtual file into a real object, CAM operates using a machine connected to a computer, similar to a printer or peripheral device. In 1987, Brix and Lambrecht used, for the first time, a prototype in health care. It was a three-dimensional model manufactured using a computer numerical control device, a type of machine that was the predecessor of RP. In 1991, human anatomy models produced with a technology called stereolithography were first used in a maxillofacial surgery clinic in Viena.
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            The creation of virtual teeth with and without tooth pathology for a virtual learning environment in dental education.

            To describe the development and opportunities for implementation of virtual teeth with and without pathology for use in a virtual learning environment in dental education.
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              Application of rapid prototyping techniques for modelling of anatomical structures in medical training and education.

              Rapid prototyping has become an innovative method of fast and cost-effective production of three-dimensional models for manufacturing. Wide access to advanced medical imaging methods allows application of this technique for medical training purposes. This paper presents the feasibility of rapid prototyping technologies: stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modelling, and three-dimensional printing for medical education. Rapid prototyping techniques are a promising method for improvement of anatomical education in medical students but also a valuable source of training tools for medical specialists.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                June 2015
                : 33
                : 2
                : 782-787
                Affiliations
                [05] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry orgdiv2Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/CEMyQ Chile
                [04] Temuco orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chile orgdiv1Center of Research in Biomedical Sciences Chile
                [03] Lima orgnameUniversidad Científica del Sur Perú
                [02] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Faculty of Medicine orgdiv2CEMyQ Chile
                [01] Temuco orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera orgdiv1Faculty of Dentistry orgdiv2CIMA Research Group Chile mario.cantin@ 123456ufrontera.cl
                Article
                S0717-95022015000200057 S0717-9502(15)03300200057
                228aa031-70bd-4aca-90ec-088899565e7c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 March 2015
                : 12 February 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Macro models,Macro modelos,Dental morphology,Permanent teeth,Dental education,3D scanning,3D printing,Morfología dental,Diente permanente,Educación dental,Escaneo 3D,Impresión 3D

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