For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
19
views
29
references
 Top references
cited by
4
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      154
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Comparison of Two Different Injectable Contraceptive Methods: Depo-medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Cyclofem

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Objective

          To compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and Cyclofem).

          Materials and methods

          This cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) or Cyclofem. The volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about following symptoms: weight changes, irregular bleeding, dysparounia, vaginal dryness, headache, breast pain, bone pain, and discontinuation reason. The data were analyzed by statistical methods.

          Results

          The important side effects of DMPA were: irregular bleeding (93.60%), weight gain (48%), bone pain (24%) and vaginal dryness (10.40%), while the side effects in the Cyclofem group were: irregular bleeding (65.60%), headache (14.4%) and breast sensitivity (20%). Bleeding pattern changes were the most important problem leading to discontinuation of both contraceptive methods in our participants.

          Conclusion

          The results of the study showed that the most important problem in both groups was change in bleeding pattern. Proper consulting by a trained expert reduces the high amount of discontinuation and their failure rates.

          Related collections

          Most cited references29

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Menstrual pattern changes from levonorgestrel subdermal implants and DMPA: systematic review and evidence-based comparisons.

          David Hubacher, Laureen Lopez, Markus Steiner … (2009)
          Many women want a lengthy duration of contraception but are wary of the menstrual changes from depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). A subdermal levonorgestrel (LNG) implant may be a reasonable alternative. However, information on menstrual changes from these methods has not been summarized and compared in an easy-to-understand form. We systematically reviewed the published literature on these contraceptives to find research that used menstrual diaries and standard World Health Organization definitions. We attempted to find information on amenorrhea, number of bleeding or spotting episodes, number of bleeding or spotting days and normal patterns, as reported in four consecutive 90-day reference periods. We found 16 published articles meeting our criteria and involving diaries of up to 1600 DMPA users and 2300 LNG implant users. We were able to compare the two methods on only three outcomes. For DMPA use, the weighted prevalence of amenorrhea at successive 90-day periods was 12%, 25%, 37% and 46%. The comparable estimates for the LNG implant were 11%, 13%, 9% and 13%. Levonorgestrel implant users experienced a higher average number of bleeding or spotting days compared to DMPA users, but this average was similar to what is expected naturally. At 12 months, normal menstrual patterns were experienced by 23% of LNG implant users compared to 11% of DMPA users. Like most hormonal contraception, LNG implants usually produce menstrual changes; however, the changes do not appear to deviate from normal patterns as much as the changes from DMPA. Understanding these differences and other method attributes might help women make an informed choice about which contraceptive to use.
          Article 0 comments Cited 26 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Bone density recovery after depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable contraception use.

            Andrew M Kaunitz, Raquel Arias, Michael McClung (2008)
            While depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a highly effective contraceptive used by millions of women, its use is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) loss, raising concerns about long-term risk of osteoporosis and/or fractures.
            Article 0 comments Cited 11 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Recovery of bone mineral density in adolescents following the use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraceptive injections.

              Zeev Harel, Christine Johnson, Melanie Gold … (2010)
              Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a highly effective progestin-only contraceptive that is widely used by adolescents. We investigated bone mineral density (BMD) changes in female adolescents during and following use of this method. A multicenter, prospective, non-randomized observational study in 98 healthy female adolescents aged 12-18 years who initiated DMPA intramuscular injections for contraception and provided BMD data for up to 240 weeks while receiving DMPA and for up to 300 weeks after DMPA cessation. BMD at the lumbar spine (LS), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A mixed model analysis of variance was used to examine BMD changes. At the time of their final DMPA injection, participants had mean BMD declines from baseline of 2.7% (LS), 4.1% (TH) and 3.9% (FN) (p<.001 at all three sites). Within 60 weeks of discontinuation of DMPA, mean LS BMD had returned to baseline levels, and 240 weeks after DMPA discontinuation, the mean LS BMD was 4.7% above baseline. Mean TH and FN BMD values recovered to baseline values more slowly: 240 weeks and 180 weeks, respectively, after the last DMPA injection. BMD loss in female adolescents receiving DMPA for contraception is substantially or fully reversible in most girls following discontinuation of DMPA, with faster recovery at the LS than at the hip. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
              Article 0 comments Cited 10 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Family Reprod Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Family Reprod Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JFRH
                Title: Journal of Family & Reproductive Health
                Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 1735-8949
                ISSN (Electronic): 1735-9392
                Publication date (Print): September 2013
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 109-113
                Affiliations
                Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, High Risk Pregnancy Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Firoozeh Veisi, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, High Risk Pregnancy Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Email: firoozehveisi@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JFRH-7-109
                PMC ID: 4064779
                PubMed ID: 24971112
                SO-VID: 22948a91-0666-419e-a2d3-ad6f0ca0593c
                Copyright © Copyright © Vali-e-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works for non-commercial purposes from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

                History
                Date received : December 2012
                Date revision received : February 2013
                Date accepted : February 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: injectable contraceptives,cyclofem,depo-provera,side effects
                Data availability:
                Keywords: injectable contraceptives, cyclofem, depo-provera, side effects

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                Similar content154

                See all similar

                Cited by4

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors230

                See all reference authors