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      Doenças respiratórias e seguimento de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade: revisão da literatura Translated title: Follow-up of children less than five years of age suffering from respiratory diseases: literature review Translated title: Enfermedades respiratorias en el segmento de niños menores de cinco años: revisión de literatura

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          Abstract

          Estudo de natureza descritiva, tendo por objetivo identificar, em periódicos nacionais e internacionais e alguns livros-textos, do período de 1990 a 2002, as publicações relativas às doenças respiratórias em crianças menores de 5 anos e identificar as que retratam as doenças respiratórias na perspectiva do seguimento do crescimento e desenvolvimento infantil. Foram analisados 27 trabalhos, são apresentadas algumas características quanto ao número de autores, língua de publicação e aspectos metodológicos, assim como as temáticas: a doença respiratória em criança e seus determinantes e fatores de risco; utilização de serviços de saúde entre crianças com problemas respiratórios; o seguimento e a doença respiratória na infância.

          Translated abstract

          Study of a descriptive nature, aiming at identifying publications related to respiratory diseases in children aged less than five years, in national and international periodicals and in some textbooks, from 1990 through 2002, and identifying the ones which describe respiratory diseases over the course of children's growth and development. Twenty-seven works were analyzed. Some features are presented referring to quantity of authors published, language of publication, and methodological as well as thematic aspects: respiratory diseases in children, their determiners and risk factors; use of health services for children suffering from respiratory problems; follow-up and respiratory diseases in childhood.

          Translated abstract

          Estudio de naturaleza descriptiva, que tiene por objetivo identificar en publicaciones nacionales e internacionales -de 1990 a 2002- los artículos y estudios relacionados a las enfermedades respiratorias en niños con menos de 5 años e identificar los que retratan dichas molestias en la perspectiva del crecimiento y desenvolvimiento infantil dentro de ese segmento. Se analizaron 27 trabajos. Se presentan algunas características respecto al número de autores, lengua de publicación y aspectos metodológicos, así como los temas: la enfermedad respiratoria en los niños y sus determinantes y factores de riesgo; utilización de servicios de salud entre niños con problemas respiratorios; el segmento y la enfermedad respiratoria en la infancia.

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          The epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children and adults: a global perspective.

          While a number of advances have been made in our understanding of the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in the past two decades, a number of serious questions still require urgent answers. The associations of factors such as chronic disease in adults, direct smoking, passive smoking, crowding, and breast feeding to acute respiratory infections are now well documented. Appropriate changes in public health policy need not be predicated on results from still further studies. However, in virtually all of the other areas cited in this review, further data are required. In developing countries, studies being currently conducted on vitamin A supplementation, malnutrition, and indoor air pollution will help address the most pressing issues. More studies are also needed on the relations between HIV infection and acute respiratory infections, as well as low birth weight and respiratory infection. The National Research Council studies have provided important additional data on etiologic agents in children in developing countries, but data on adult pneumonia remain sparse. In developed countries the issues that may be of greatest interest are the relation between maternal antibody levels and passive immunity in infants, the reasons for the increase in pneumonia mortality in older age groups, and the relation between air pollution and acute respiratory infections (as opposed to morbidity from bronchial reactivity). From a methodological viewpoint, the relation between previous respiratory infection (particularly in the first year of life) and subsequent acute respiratory infection morbidity has been inadequately explored. Adjustment for autocorrelation in multivariate models may be necessary if this relation is strong. Greater standardization of data collection methods in developed and developing countries also needs to be more seriously addressed. Given that some advances have been made in this area, the time may be right for development of acute symptom questionnaires, akin to the American Thoracic Society chronic respiratory questionnaire, for use in both developed and developing countries. Standardization of diaries, although somewhat more difficult, would also be extremely useful in many instances.
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            THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

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              Studies of the community and family: acute respiratory illness and infection.

              A Monto (1993)
              Studies of acute respiratory illnesses in families and their communities have been carried out for most of this century. The initial studies established the importance of these illnesses in terms of their frequency and severity. Age-specific illness rates and principles concerning disease transmission were documented in the period before identification of the etiologic agents. Since that time, the knowledge base has been expanded dramatically. Of all the viruses, rhinoviruses cause more illness of any severity than any other in all age groups. As a result, rates of rhinovirus-specific illnesses resemble those of all-cause respiratory illnesses. The greatest advantage of community-based studies is their ability to study transmission. Since control of infection for most of the agents has been difficult to achieve by conventional means, interruption of transmission should be examined as a possible alternative (97).
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                reben
                Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem
                Rev. Bras. Enferm.
                Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem (Brasília, DF, Brazil )
                0034-7167
                1984-0446
                December 2003
                : 56
                : 6
                : 665-668
                Affiliations
                [04] orgnameUSP orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP defmello@ 123456eerp.usp.br
                [03] orgnameUSP orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermagem Materno Infantil e Saúde Pública da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto
                [01] orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto
                [02] orgnamePIBIC-USP/CNPq
                Article
                S0034-71672003000600015 S0034-7167(03)05600615
                10.1590/S0034-71672003000600015
                22f7d64f-7de4-47c1-a09b-a5a5799bf47f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 March 2004
                : 20 May 2003
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Revista de Enfermagem

                Categories
                Revisão

                seguimento,criança,doença respiratória,follow-up,child,segmento,niños,enfermedad respiratoria,respiratory disease

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