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      A Community of One: Social Cognition and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations

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      PLoS Biology
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          Abstract

          Vaughan Bell argues that because hallucinated voices are often experienced as distinct social identities we need to understand how changes in the social brain lead to these intense experiences.

          Abstract

          Auditory verbal hallucinations have attracted a great deal of scientific interest, but despite the fact that they are fundamentally a social experience—in essence, a form of hallucinated communication—current theories remain firmly rooted in an individualistic account and have largely avoided engagement with social cognition. Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence for the role of social cognitive and social neurocognitive processes in auditory verbal hallucinations, and, consequently, it is proposed that problems with the internalisation of social models may be key to the experience.

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          Most cited references25

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          Uniquely human social cognition.

          Recent data identify distinct components of social cognition associated with five brain regions. In posterior temporal cortex, the extrastriate body area is associated with perceiving the form of other human bodies. A nearby region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus is involved in interpreting the motions of a human body in terms of goals. A distinct region at the temporo-parietal junction supports the uniquely human ability to reason about the contents of mental states. Medial prefrontal cortex is divided into at least two subregions. Ventral medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in emotional empathy, whereas dorsal medial prefrontal cortex is implicated in the uniquely human representation of triadic relations between two minds and an object, supporting shared attention and collaborative goals.
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            The social brain in psychiatric and neurological disorders.

            Psychiatric and neurological disorders have historically provided key insights into the structure-function relationships that subserve human social cognition and behavior, informing the concept of the 'social brain'. In this review, we take stock of the current status of this concept, retaining a focus on disorders that impact social behavior. We discuss how the social brain, social cognition, and social behavior are interdependent, and emphasize the important role of development and compensation. We suggest that the social brain, and its dysfunction and recovery, must be understood not in terms of specific structures, but rather in terms of their interaction in large-scale networks. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Social cognition in the we-mode.

              According to many philosophers and scientists, human sociality is explained by the unique capacity to share the mental states of others. Shared intentionality has been widely debated in the past two decades in ways that also enlighten the current 'interactive turn' in social cognition. In this article, we examine the function and significance for interacting agents of sharing minds in an irreducibly collective mode called the 'we-mode'. This first-person plural perspective captures the viewpoint of individuals engaged in social interactions and thus expands each individual's potential for social understanding and action. This proposal shows that a non-reductionist, interaction-based approach can be developed that nevertheless resists recent suggestions concerning the constitutive role of interaction for social cognition. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PLoS Biol
                PLoS Biol
                plos
                plosbiol
                PLoS Biology
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                1544-9173
                1545-7885
                December 2013
                December 2013
                3 December 2013
                : 11
                : 12
                : e1001723
                Affiliations
                [1]King's College London, London, United Kingdom
                Author notes

                The author has declared that no competing interests exist.

                Article
                PBIOLOGY-D-13-02247
                10.1371/journal.pbio.1001723
                3848915
                24311984
                2324dd8e-c8df-4fa7-ad33-b3ae7bb11773
                Copyright @ 2013

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Pages: 4
                Funding
                The author received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Essay

                Life sciences
                Life sciences

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