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      Recent Developments in Carbon Nanotube Membranes for Water Purification and Gas Separation

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          Abstract

          Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanoscale cylinders of graphene with exceptional properties such as high mechanical strength, high aspect ratio and large specific surface area. To exploit these properties for membranes, macroscopic structures need to be designed with controlled porosity and pore size. This manuscript reviews recent progress on two such structures: (i) CNT Bucky-papers, a non-woven, paper like structure of randomly entangled CNTs, and (ii) isoporous CNT membranes, where the hollow CNT interior acts as a membrane pore. The construction of these two types of membranes will be discussed, characterization and permeance results compared, and some promising applications presented.

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          DNA-assisted dispersion and separation of carbon nanotubes.

          Ming Shan Zheng, Anand Jagota, Ellen D Semke … (2003)
          Carbon nanotubes are man-made one-dimensional carbon crystals with different diameters and chiralities. Owing to their superb mechanical and electrical properties, many potential applications have been proposed for them. However, polydispersity and poor solubility in both aqueous and non-aqueous solution impose a considerable challenge for their separation and assembly, which is required for many applications. Here we report our finding of DNA-assisted dispersion and separation of carbon nanotubes. Bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes are effectively dispersed in water by their sonication in the presence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy measurements provide evidence for individually dispersed carbon nanotubes. Molecular modelling suggests that ssDNA can bind to carbon nanotubes through pi-stacking, resulting in helical wrapping to the surface. The binding free energy of ssDNA to carbon nanotubes rivals that of two nanotubes for each other. We also demonstrate that DNA-coated carbon nanotubes can be separated into fractions with different electronic structures by ion-exchange chromatography. This finding links one of the central molecules in biology to a technologically very important nanomaterial, and opens the door to carbon-nanotube-based applications in biotechnology.
          Article 0 comments Cited 419 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Carbon nanotube actuators

            Baughman, Cui, Zakhidov … (1999)
            Electromechanical actuators based on sheets of single-walled carbon nanotubes were shown to generate higher stresses than natural muscle and higher strains than high-modulus ferroelectrics. Like natural muscles, the macroscopic actuators are assemblies of billions of individual nanoscale actuators. The actuation mechanism (quantum chemical-based expansion due to electrochemical double-layer charging) does not require ion intercalation, which limits the life and rate of faradaic conducting polymer actuators. Unlike conventional ferroelectric actuators, low operating voltages of a few volts generate large actuator strains. Predictions based on measurements suggest that actuators using optimized nanotube sheets may eventually provide substantially higher work densities per cycle than any previously known technology.
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              Shape-engineerable and highly densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes and their application as super-capacitor electrodes.

              Don N Futaba, Kenji Hata, Takeo Yamada … (2006)
              We present a rational and general method to fabricate a high-densely packed and aligned single-walled carbon-nanotube (SWNT) material by using the zipping effect of liquids to draw tubes together. This bulk carbon-nanotube material retains the intrinsic properties of individual SWNTs, such as high surface area, flexibility and electrical conductivity. By controlling the fabrication process, it is possible to fabricate a wide range of solids in numerous shapes and structures. This dense SWNT material is advantageous for numerous applications, and here we demonstrate its use as flexible heaters as well as supercapacitor electrodes for compact energy-storage devices.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Materials (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): materials
                Title: Materials
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
                ISSN (Electronic): 1996-1944
                Publication date (Electronic): 04 January 2010
                Publication date Collection: January 2010
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 127-149
                Affiliations
                [1 ]CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Bayview Ave, Clayton Vic 3168, Australia; E-Mails: ludovic.dumee@ 123456csiro.au (L.D.); jurg.schutz@ 123456csiro.au (J.S.); chi.huynh@ 123456csiro.au (C.H.); stephen.hawkins@ 123456csiro.au (S.H.)
                [2 ]Institute for Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, Werribee Campus, Hoppers Lane, Werribee PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, 8001, Australia; E-Mails: Mikel.Duke@ 123456vu.edu.au (M.D.); Stephen.Gray@ 123456vu.edu.au (S.G.)
                [3 ]Centre for Material and Fibre Innovation, Institute for Technology and Research Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong Vic 3217, Australia; E-Mail: mary.she@ 123456deakin.edu.au (M.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ] Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: kallista.sears@ 123456csiro.au ; Tel.: +61-(0)3-95452105; Fax: +61-(0)3-95452363.
                Article
                Publisher ID: materials-03-00127
                DOI: 10.3390/ma3010127
                PMC ID: 5510185
                SO-VID: 2355a06f-524d-40d8-b3c8-1b7c66be821d
                Copyright © © 2010 by the authors;
                License:

                licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 17 November 2009
                Date revision received : 23 December 2009
                Date accepted : 24 December 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: carbon nanotube,bucky-paper,membrane,filtration
                Data availability:
                Keywords: carbon nanotube, bucky-paper, membrane, filtration

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