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      Filogenia y clasificación taxonómica de los subgéneros de Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Translated title: Phylogeny and taxonomic classification to subgeneric level of Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Augochloropsis Cockerell, 1897b es un grupo altamente diverso en el Neotrópico, comúnmente recolectado en inventarios faunísticos en áreas silvestres. Estas abejas generalmente quedan sin identificar en las colecciones pues las claves taxonómicas y las descripciones originales son limitadas y no permiten la separación ni siquiera a nivel subgenérico. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la filogenia y la revisión taxonómica del género Augochloropsis, a nivel de subgénero, partiendo del examen detallado de 56 caracteres morfológicos de 2 433 ejemplares. Cuatro subgéneros son reconocidos y descritos de forma detallada: (Augochloropsis s. str. (Cockerell, 1897b) (Paraugochloropsis Schrottky, 1906 ((Glyptochlora Moure, 1958) (Glyptobasia (Moure, 1941)))). Se aportan fotografías sobre los caracteres morfológicos externos, ilustraciones de la cápsula genital y de los esternos metasomales SIII-SVIII del macho, así como una clave de identificación taxonómica a nivel subgenérico y mapas de distribución geográfica.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Augochloropsis Cockerell, 1897b is a highly diverse group in the Neotropics and commonly collected in wildlife surveys. These bees remain mostly unidentified in collections because of the lack of taxonomic keys and the incomplete original descriptions, which prevent sorting specimens even at the subgeneric level. The aim of this study was to perform the phylogeny and the taxonomic revision of the genus Augochloropsis to subgeneric level, based on a detailed examination of 56 morphological characters of 2 433 specimens. Four subgenera are recognized and described in detail: (Augochloropsis s.str. (Cockerell, 1897b) (Paraugochloropsis Schrottky, 1906 ((Glyptochlora Moure, 1958) (Glyptobasia (Moure, 1941)))). Photographs of external morphological characters, illustrations of the male genital capsule and the metasomal sterna SIII-SVIII are provided, as well as a taxonomic key to subgenera and distribution maps.

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          The Parsimony Ratchet, a New Method for Rapid Parsimony Analysis

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            The Bees of the World

            In this extensive update of his definitive reference, Charles D. Michener reveals a diverse fauna that numbers more than 17,000 species and ranges from the common honeybee to rare bees that feed on the pollen of a single type of plant. With many new facts, reclassifications, and revisions, the second edition of The Bees of the World provides the most comprehensive treatment of the 1,200 genera and subgenera of the Apiformes. Included are hundreds of updated citations to work published since the appearance of the first edition and a new set of plates of fossil bees. The book begins with extensive introductory sections that include bee evolution, classification of the various bee families, the coevolution of bees and flowering plants, nesting behavior, differences between solitary and social bees, and the anatomy of these amazing insects. Drawing on modern studies and evidence from the fossil record, Michener reveals what the ancestral bee—the protobee—might have looked like. He also cites the major literature on bee biology and describes the need for further research on the systematics and natural history of bees, including their importance as pollinators of crops and natural vegetation. The greater part of the work consists of an unprecedented treatment of bee systematics, with keys for identification to the subgenus level. For each genus and subgenus, Michener includes a brief natural history describing geographical range, number of species, and noteworthy information pertaining to nesting or floral biology. The book is beautifully illustrated with more than 500 drawings and photographs that depict behavior, detailed morphology, and ecology. Accented with color plates of select bees, The Bees of the World will continue to be the world's best reference on these diverse insects.
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              A General System for Coding Taxonomic Descriptions

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbt
                Revista de Biología Tropical
                Rev. biol. trop
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San José, San José, Costa Rica )
                0034-7744
                0034-7744
                December 2017
                : 65
                : 4
                : 1277-1306
                Affiliations
                [1] Cajicá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad Militar Nueva Granada orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Colombia cindy.celis1@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S0034-77442017000401277
                10.15517/rbt.v65i4.26549
                237c9c9c-7033-4a8e-b453-48e4c279955a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 October 2016
                : 09 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 30
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica


                Augochlorini,Neotropical bees,systematic,morphology,taxonomy,abejas neotropicales,sistemática,morfología,taxonomía

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