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      Mortality of Urban Aboriginal Adults in Canada, 1991–2001*

      research-article
      , MPH , , MUrb, , PhD, , PhD , , MA
      Preventing Chronic Disease
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To compare mortality patterns for urban Aboriginal adults with those of urban non-Aboriginal adults.

          Methods

          Using the 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study, our study tracked mortality to December 31, 2001, among a 15% sample of adults, including 16 300 Aboriginal and 2 062 700 non-Aboriginal persons residing in urban areas on June 4, 1991. The Aboriginal population was defined by ethnic origin (ancestry), Registered Indian status and/or membership in an Indian band or First Nation, since the 1991 census did not collect information on Aboriginal identity.

          Results

          Compared to urban non-Aboriginal men and women, remaining life expectancy at age 25 years was 4.7 years and 6.5 years shorter for urban Aboriginal men and women, respectively. Mortality rate ratios for urban Aboriginal men and women were particularly elevated for alcohol-related deaths, motor vehicle accidents and infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS. For most causes of death, urban Aboriginal adults had higher mortality rates compared to other urban residents. Socio-economic status played an important role in explaining these disparities.

          Conclusion

          Results from this study help fill a data gap on mortality information of urban Aboriginal people of Canada.

          Keywords

          Aboriginal people, First Nations, Métis, Inuit, North American Indians, age-standardized mortality rates, mortality rate, life expectancy

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          Most cited references54

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          International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Tenth revision.

          G Brämer (1988)
          The International Classification of Diseases has, under various names, been for many decades the essential tool for national and international comparability in public health. This statistical tool has been customarily revised every 10 years in order to keep up with the advances of medicine. At first intended primarily for the classification of causes of death, its scope has been progressively widening to include coding and tabulation of causes of morbidity as well as medical record indexing and retrieval. The ability to exchange comparable data from region to region and from country to country, to allow comparison from one population to another and to permit study of diseases over long periods, is one of the strengths of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (ICD). WHO has been responsible for the organization, coordination and execution of activities related to ICD since 1948 (Sixth Revision of the ICD) and is now proceeding with the Tenth Revision. For the first time in its history the ICD will be based on an alphanumeric coding scheme and will have to function as a core classification from which a series of modules can be derived, each reaching a different degree of specificity and adapted to a particular specialty or type of user. It is proposed that the chapters on external causes of injury and poisoning, and factors influencing health status and contact with health services, which were supplementary classifications in ICD-9, should form an integral part of ICD-10. The title of ICD has been amended to "International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems"', but the abbreviation "ICD" will be retained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            The embodiment of inequity: health disparities in aboriginal Canada.

            Health disparities are, first and foremost, those indicators of a relative disproportionate burden of disease on a particular population. Health inequities point to the underlying causes of the disparities, many if not most of which sit largely outside of the typically constituted domain of "health". The literature reviewed for this synthesis document indicates that time and again health disparities are directly and indirectly associated with social, economic, cultural and political inequities; the end result of which is a disproportionate burden of ill health and social suffering upon the Aboriginal populations of Canada. In analyses of health disparities, it is as important to navigate the interstices between the person and the wider social and historical contexts as it is to pay attention to the individual effects of inequity. Research and policy must address the contemporary realities of Aboriginal health and well-being, including the individual and community-based effects of health disparities and the direct and indirect sources of those disparities.
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              The life table and its applications.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Health Analysis Division Statistics Canada
                ,
                Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec. Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec. Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec
                Journal
                Prev Chronic Dis
                Preventing Chronic Disease
                Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                1545-1151
                January 2011
                15 December 2010
                : 8
                : 1
                : A06
                Affiliations
                Health Analysis Division Statistics Canada
                Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec. Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec. Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario
                Strategic Research and Analysis Directorate, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, Quebec
                Article
                PCDv81_10_0245
                3044017
                21159218
                238c4d2c-a393-49a2-a4b8-e7772e478a77
                History
                Categories
                Original Research
                Peer Reviewed

                Notes

                *

                This article is part of a joint publication initiative between Preventing Chronic Disease and Chronic Diseases in Canada. Preventing Chronic Disease is the secondary publisher, while Chronic Diseases in Canada is the primary publisher.


                Health & Social care
                Health & Social care

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