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      Effect of Phaleria Macrocarpa Flesh Fruits Extract on MDA Level, SGOT and SGPT Activity in Serum of Experimental Rats Contaminated by Cd (II) Ion

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          Abstract

          BACKGROUND:

          Cd (II) ion is a heavy metal that has a toxic ability in the human body. P. macrocarpa has been used as anticancer, Diabetes Mellitus and antimicrobe because it consists of flavonoid, steroid, and tannin.

          AIM:

          The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of P. macrocarpa fruits extract as an antidote for the toxicity of Cd (II) in the liver of experimental rats.

          METHODS:

          The experimental laboratory was done by using 9 female of Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) that divided into 3 groups with the age between 2.5-3 months and weight between 133-160 grams. The first group was a control given distilled water and a normal diet. The second group was given antidote 5 mL of P. macrocarpa fruit extract x BW/200 g dosage for 7 days and induced by 1000 mg/L of Cd (II) ion with dosage of 1 mL x BW/200 g. The third group was given 1000 mg/L Cd (II) ion only of 1 mL x BW/200 g. After 5 hours, the blood sample was taken for analysis of MDA, SGOT, and SGPT.

          RESULTS:

          As the result of experimental rats exposed with Cd (II) ion, there are significant decreasing of all the observed parameters including MAD, SGOT and SGPT with percentage 71.5%, 72.1%, and 93.6% respectively.

          CONCLUSION:

          The rats given with the antidote of Phaleria macrocarpa flesh fruit were able to protect the liver from damage due to exposure to Cd (II) as seen from the decrease in liver function enzyme parameters namely SGOT and SGPT.

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          Most cited references13

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          Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxicity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Boerl.) Scheff Fruit

          Rudi Hendra, Syahida Ahmad, Ehsan Oskoueian … (2011)
          Background Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and grows in tropical areas. The different parts of the fruit of P. macrocarpa were evaluated for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities. Methods Phaleria macrocarpa fruit were divided into pericarp, mesocarp and seed. All parts of the fruit were reflux extracted with methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extracts were characterized in various in vitro model systems such as FTC, TBA, DPPH radical, reducing power and NO radical. Anti-inflammatory assays were done by using NO production by macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ and cytotoxic activities were determined by using several cancer cell lines and one normal cell line Results The results showed that different parts (pericarp, mesocarp, and seed) of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit contain various amount of total phenolic (59.2 ± 0.04, 60.5 ± 0.17, 47.7 ± 1.04 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW) and flavonoid compounds (161.3 ± 1.58, 131.7 ± 1.66, 35.9 ± 2.47 mg rutin equivalent/g DW). Pericarp and mesocarp showed high antioxidant activities by using DPPH (71.97%, 62.41%), ferric reducing antioxidant power (92.35%, 78.78%) and NO scavenging activity (65.68%, 53.45%). Ferric thiocyanate and thiobarbituric acid tests showed appreciable antioxidant activity in the percentage hydroperoxides inhibitory activity from pericarp and mesocarp in the last day of the assay. Similarly, the pericarp and mesocarp inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthesis with values of 63.4 ± 1.4% and 69.5 ± 1.4% in macrophage RAW 264.7 cell lines induced by LPS/IFN-γ indicating their notable anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotoxic activities against HT-29, MCF-7, HeLa and Chang cell lines were observed in all parts. Conclusions These results indicated the possible application of P. macrocarpa fruit as a source of bioactive compounds, potent as an antioxidant, anti inflammatory and cytotoxic agents.
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            Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Co(II) from aqueous solution using Garcinia mangostana L. fruit shell.

            R Zein, R Suhaili, F Earnestly … (2010)
            This study examines the possibility of using mangosteen shell to remove low concentrations of lead, zinc and cobalt (less than 100 mg/l) from aqueous solution. It was found that the biosorption capacities were significantly affected by solution pH, contact time and initial metal ions concentration. Un-extracted and extracted dyes of mangosteen shell were investigated. Moreover higher pH up to 5 favoring higher metal ion removal. Kinetic and isotherm experiments were carried out at the optimal pH: at pH 5.0 for lead and zinc, and at pH 4.0 for cobalt. The metal removal rates were rapid, with 90% of the total adsorption taking place within 60 min. Mangosteen shell showed the highest potential for the removal of toxic metals in aqueous solution.
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              Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents.

              Amal I El-Refaiy, Fawzy Eissa (2013)
              The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2 g ascorbic acid/l and 500 mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received a daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w. (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd + ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2 g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. +500 mg Zn/l). The treatment in all groups lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited a more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd.
              Article 0 comments Cited 18 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Open Access Maced J Med Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Open Access Maced J Med Sci
                Title: Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences
                Publisher: Republic of Macedonia (ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1857-9655
                Publication date Collection: 15 December 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 December 2019
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 23
                Pages: 3950-3954
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
                [2 ]Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia
                [3 ]Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
                [4 ]Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
                [5 ]Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence: Ali Napiah Nasution. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia; Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prima Indonesia, Medan, Indonesia. E-mail: dr.alinapiahunpri@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: OAMJMS-7-3950
                DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.786
                PMC ID: 7061376
                SO-VID: 23c8183d-32eb-4a45-b1c9-0f8d8db75a38
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2019 Ali Napiah Nasution, Hermansyah Aziz, Djong Hon Tjong, Rahmiana Zein.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

                History
                Date received : 27 October 2019
                Date revision received : 26 November 2019
                Date accepted : 27 November 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Basic Science

                Keywords: phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract,cd (ii) ion,mda,sgot,sgpt
                Data availability:
                Keywords: phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract, cd (ii) ion, mda, sgot, sgpt

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