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      Prognostic value of CD155/TIGIT expression in patients with colorectal cancer

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          The interaction of CD155 with its ligand, the T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT), is being studied owing to its potential to act as a target in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, the relationship between CD155 and TIGIT in colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis is not known. We hypothesized that the TIGIT–CD155 pathway suppresses the attack of T cells on tumors, thereby affecting CRC prognosis.

          Methods

          We examined the expression of CD155 and TIGIT using immunohistochemical staining in 100 consecutive patients with CRC who underwent complete resection of ≤Stage III tumors at Wakayama Medical University Hospital between January and December 2013. We assessed the correlation between CD155 and TIGIT expressions and prognosis as well as the clinicopathological background of CD155 and TIGIT.

          Results

          Patients with high CD155 and TIGIT expressions showed worse prognosis than those with other levels of expression (p = 0.026). In multivariate analysis that also included the existing prognostic markers, high CD155 and TIGIT expressions were identified as independent poor prognostic factors.

          Conclusions

          The interaction between CD155 and TIGIT possibly plays an important role in the immunological mechanism of CRC. Therefore, it may be possible to effectively predict the postoperative prognosis of CRC by evaluating the combined expression of CD155 and TIGIT. The study findings suggest that CD155 and TIGIT can predict clinical outcomes, thereby contributing to the personalized care of CRC.

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          Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries

          Ahmedin Jemal, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca Siegel … (2018)
          This article provides a status report on the global burden of cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 9.6 million cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of cancer death (18.4% of the total cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal cancer (9.2%), stomach cancer (8.2%), and liver cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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            Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation

            Douglas Hanahan, Robert A. Weinberg (2011)
            The hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. The hallmarks constitute an organizing principle for rationalizing the complexities of neoplastic disease. They include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. Underlying these hallmarks are genome instability, which generates the genetic diversity that expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters multiple hallmark functions. Conceptual progress in the last decade has added two emerging hallmarks of potential generality to this list-reprogramming of energy metabolism and evading immune destruction. In addition to cancer cells, tumors exhibit another dimension of complexity: they contain a repertoire of recruited, ostensibly normal cells that contribute to the acquisition of hallmark traits by creating the "tumor microenvironment." Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Improved Survival with Ipilimumab in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma

              F. Stephen Hodi, Steven J O'Day, David F McDermott … (2010)
              An improvement in overall survival among patients with metastatic melanoma has been an elusive goal. In this phase 3 study, ipilimumab--which blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 to potentiate an antitumor T-cell response--administered with or without a glycoprotein 100 (gp100) peptide vaccine was compared with gp100 alone in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. A total of 676 HLA-A*0201-positive patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma, whose disease had progressed while they were receiving therapy for metastatic disease, were randomly assigned, in a 3:1:1 ratio, to receive ipilimumab plus gp100 (403 patients), ipilimumab alone (137), or gp100 alone (136). Ipilimumab, at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight, was administered with or without gp100 every 3 weeks for up to four treatments (induction). Eligible patients could receive reinduction therapy. The primary end point was overall survival. The median overall survival was 10.0 months among patients receiving ipilimumab plus gp100, as compared with 6.4 months among patients receiving gp100 alone (hazard ratio for death, 0.68; P<0.001). The median overall survival with ipilimumab alone was 10.1 months (hazard ratio for death in the comparison with gp100 alone, 0.66; P=0.003). No difference in overall survival was detected between the ipilimumab groups (hazard ratio with ipilimumab plus gp100, 1.04; P=0.76). Grade 3 or 4 immune-related adverse events occurred in 10 to 15% of patients treated with ipilimumab and in 3% treated with gp100 alone. There were 14 deaths related to the study drugs (2.1%), and 7 were associated with immune-related adverse events. Ipilimumab, with or without a gp100 peptide vaccine, as compared with gp100 alone, improved overall survival in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. Adverse events can be severe, long-lasting, or both, but most are reversible with appropriate treatment. (Funded by Medarex and Bristol-Myers Squibb; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00094653.)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Daisuke Murakami: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Kenji Matsuda:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0095
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Hiromitsu Iwamoto: Role: Data curation
                Yasuyuki Mitani: Role: Funding acquisition
                Yuki Mizumoto: Role: Investigation
                Yuki Nakamura: Role: Methodology
                Ibu Matsuzaki: Role: Project administration
                Ryuta Iwamoto: Role: Resources
                Yuichi Takahashi: Role: Software
                Fumiyoshi Kojima: Role: Visualization
                Shin-ichi Murata: Role: Formal analysisRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Hiroki Yamaue: Role: Writing – review & editing
                Norikatsu Miyoshi: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0265908
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
                [2 ] Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
                Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, JAPAN
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3093-0095
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-21-28936
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265908
                PMC ID: 8946673
                PubMed ID: 35324958
                SO-VID: 24488cc6-1611-4330-b719-f821657b2f65
                Copyright © © 2022 Murakami et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 6 September 2021
                Date accepted : 9 March 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 5, Pages: 13
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancers and Neoplasms
                Subject: Colorectal Cancer
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Diagnostic Medicine
                Subject: Prognosis
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancers and Neoplasms
                Subject: Carcinoma
                Subject: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancers and Neoplasms
                Subject: Gastrointestinal Tumors
                Subject: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Gastroenterology and Hepatology
                Subject: Liver Diseases
                Subject: Hepatocellular Carcinoma
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancers and Neoplasms
                Subject: Gastrointestinal Tumors
                Subject: Gastric Cancer
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancers and Neoplasms
                Subject: Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors
                Subject: Small Cell Lung Cancer
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Oncology
                Subject: Cancer Treatment
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Cell Biology
                Subject: Cellular Types
                Subject: Animal Cells
                Subject: Blood Cells
                Subject: White Blood Cells
                Subject: T Cells
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Cell Biology
                Subject: Cellular Types
                Subject: Animal Cells
                Subject: Immune Cells
                Subject: White Blood Cells
                Subject: T Cells
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Immunology
                Subject: Immune Cells
                Subject: White Blood Cells
                Subject: T Cells
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Immunology
                Subject: Immune Cells
                Subject: White Blood Cells
                Subject: T Cells
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Histology
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Histology
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the manuscript.

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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