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      Reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti (Chondrichthyes: Narcinidae)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT This study provides information on the reproductive biology of the Brazilian blind electric ray Benthobatis kreffti, endemic to southern and southeastern Brazil. Individuals were caught by bottom trawl carried out in 2003 and 2007, at 492-501 m depth off the São Paulo State continental slope. A total of 152 females (115-299 mm) and 144 males (91-243 mm) were sampled. Maturity was first observed at 177 and 162 mm, with total length at 50% maturity of 191 and 176 mm in females and males respectively. Uterine fecundity ranged from 1-3 and was not related to female total length. Size at birth estimated from the largest near-term observed embryos and smallest free-swimming ray was 91-100 mm. The low fecundity observed is typical of deepwater elasmobranch species, as well as late maturity in comparison with costal species. The relatively large size-at-birth suggests that this species invests more in length of each embryo than in litter size, increasing the offspring’s survival chance. In this context, these parameters highlight the vulnerability of this and other deepwater species to non-natural death, mostly caused by deep-sea fisheries.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Este estudo apresenta informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva da raia elétrica cega brasileira Benthobatis kreffti, endêmica do sul e sudeste brasileiros. Os indivíduos foram capturados com arrasto de fundo, em 2003 e 2007, a 492-501 m de profundidade no talude continental do Estado de São Paulo. Um total de 152 fêmeas (115-299 mm) e 144 machos (91-243 mm) foram capturados. A maturidade foi observada em fêmeas de 177 mm e machos de 162 mm, com o tamanho onde 50% dos indivíduos encontra-se maduros calculado em 191 mm (fêmeas) e 176 (machos). O tamanho da prole foi de 1-3 embriões e não foi relacionado ao comprimento materno. O tamanho ao nascer foi estimado a partir do tamanho do maior embrião à termo e o menor neonato e foi de 91-100 mm. A baixa fecundidade observada é típica de elasmobrânquios de profundidade, bem como a maturidade tardia, comparados com espécies costeiras. O grande tamanho ao nascer sugere que essa espécie investe no tamanho de cada embrião em vez do número de embriões produzidos, aumentando a chance de sobrevivência da prole. Neste contexto, estes parâmetros ressaltam a vulnerabilidade desta e outras espécies de elasmobrânquios a mortes ocasionadas pela pesca em maiores profundidades.

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          Most cited references37

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          Fishing down the deep

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            Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity

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              The importance of habitat and life history to extinction risk in sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras.

              We compared life-history traits and extinction risk of chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaeras), a group of high conservation concern, from the three major marine habitats (continental shelves, open ocean and deep sea), controlling for phylogenetic correlation. Deep-water chondrichthyans had a higher age at maturity and longevity, and a lower growth completion rate than shallow-water species. The average fishing mortality needed to drive a deep-water chondrichthyan species to extinction (Fextinct) was 38-58% of that estimated for oceanic and continental shelf species, respectively. Mean values of Fextinct were 0.149, 0.250 and 0.368 for deep-water, oceanic and continental shelf species, respectively. Reproductive mode was an important determinant of extinction risk, while body size had a weak effect on extinction risk. As extinction risk was highly correlated with phylogeny, the loss of species will be accompanied by a loss of phylogenetic diversity. Conservation priority should not be restricted to large species, as is usually suggested, since many small species, like those inhabiting the deep ocean, are also highly vulnerable to extinction. Fishing mortality of deep-water chondrichthyans already exploited should be minimized, and new deep-water fisheries affecting chondrichthyans should be prevented.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                April 2019
                : 17
                : 1
                : e180093
                Affiliations
                [3] Rio Claro orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Campus de Rio Claro orgdiv2Instituto de Biociências Brazil
                [2] São Vicente orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista orgdiv1Campus do Litoral Paulista orgdiv2Instituto de Biociências Brazil gadig@ 123456clp.unesp.br
                [1] Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande orgdiv1Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Brazil marianadafmartins@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                S1679-62252019000100209
                10.1590/1982-0224-20180093
                24c34e9c-8bc4-4ac3-9a5f-fd115aef96a5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 July 2018
                : 04 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 49, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Deepwater,Torpediniformes,Tamanho de primeira maturidade,Tamanho ao nascer,Profundidade,Fecundidade,Size at maturity,Size at birth,Fecundity

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