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      Towards reporting guidelines of research using whole-body vibration as training or treatment regimen in human subjects—A Delphi consensus study

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          Abstract

          Background

          Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a method utilizing vibrating platforms to expose individuals to mechanical vibration. In its various applications, it has been linked to improved muscular, skeletal, metabolic, or cognitive functioning, quality of life, and physiological parameters such as blood pressure. Most evidence concerning WBV is inconclusive and meta-analytical reviews may not readily produce insights since the research has a risk of misunderstandings of vibration parameters and incomplete reporting occurs. This study aims at laying an empirical foundation for reporting guidelines for human WBV studies to improve the quality of reporting and the currently limited comparability between studies.

          Method

          The Delphi methodology is employed to exploit the integrated knowledge of WBV experts to distil the specific aspects of WBV methodology that should be included in such guidelines. Over three rounds of completing online questionnaires, the expert panel (round 1/2/3: 51/40/37 experts respectively from 17 countries with an average of 19.4 years of WBV research experience) rated candidate items.

          Results

          A 40-item list was established based on the ratings of the individual items from the expert panel with a large final consensus (94.6%).

          Conclusion

          The final consensus indicates comprehensiveness and valuableness of the list. The results are in line with previous guidelines but expand these extensively. The present results may therefore serve as a foundation for updated guidelines for reporting human WBV studies in order to improve the quality of reporting of WBV studies, improve comparability of studies and facilitate the development of WBV study designs.

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          Most cited references40

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          Vibration as an exercise modality: how it may work, and what its potential might be.

          Whilst exposure to vibration is traditionally regarded as perilous, recent research has focussed on potential benefits. Here, the physical principles of forced oscillations are discussed in relation to vibration as an exercise modality. Acute physiological responses to isolated tendon and muscle vibration and to whole body vibration exercise are reviewed, as well as the training effects upon the musculature, bone mineral density and posture. Possible applications in sports and medicine are discussed. Evidence suggests that acute vibration exercise seems to elicit a specific warm-up effect, and that vibration training seems to improve muscle power, although the potential benefits over traditional forms of resistive exercise are still unclear. Vibration training also seems to improve balance in sub-populations prone to fall, such as frail elderly people. Moreover, literature suggests that vibration is beneficial to reduce chronic lower back pain and other types of pain. Other future indications are perceivable.
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            Bias in analytic research

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              Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans?

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Visualization
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                22 July 2020
                2020
                : 15
                : 7
                : e0235905
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
                [2 ] Laboratory of Mechanical Vibration and Integrative Practices, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
                [3 ] Faculty Bezerra de Araújo, Physiotherapy Course, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeirom, Brazil
                [4 ] German Aerospace Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
                [5 ] Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
                [6 ] Center for Prevention and Rehabilitation, UniReha GmbH, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
                [7 ] CyMO Research Institute, Valladolid, Spain
                [8 ] Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
                [9 ] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
                [10 ] University of Reims, Reims, France
                [11 ] Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
                [12 ] Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
                [13 ] Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
                University of L'Aquila, ITALY
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-3388
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2331-0840
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-8246
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-1535
                Article
                PONE-D-20-01054
                10.1371/journal.pone.0235905
                7375612
                32697809
                266ea097-4d3f-4f39-8fe4-50e8431e832e
                © 2020 Wuestefeld et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 13 January 2020
                : 25 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 6, Pages: 24
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Physical Sciences
                Physics
                Classical Mechanics
                Vibration
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Assessment
                Research Reporting Guidelines
                Research and Analysis Methods
                Research Design
                Survey Research
                Questionnaires
                Engineering and Technology
                Electronics
                Accelerometers
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Diagnostic Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Pain
                Myalgia
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Signs and Symptoms
                Pain
                Myalgia
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Otorhinolaryngology
                Otology
                Vertigo
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Sensory Physiology
                Somatosensory System
                Pain Sensation
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Sensory Physiology
                Somatosensory System
                Pain Sensation
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Systems
                Somatosensory System
                Pain Sensation
                Engineering and Technology
                Mechanical Engineering
                Vibration Engineering
                Custom metadata
                The collected data are available on DataverseNL (DOI: 10.34894/AXMEZR). Further details can be obtained from the University of Groningen Research Data Office: researchdata@ 123456rug.nl . The authors confirm that they had no special privileges in accessing the data.

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