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      Mental and behavioural disorders and COVID-19-associated death in older people

      brief-report
      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic, collection):
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: BJPsych Open
      Publisher: Cambridge University Press
      Keywords: Comorbidity, dementia, mortality, rating scales, COVID-19

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Summary

          Health factors such as diabetes, severe obesity and chronic kidney disease are all associated with a more severe outcome following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, there has been little exploration into the impact of mental and behavioural disorders on outcomes associated with COVID-19. We investigated outcomes for older people who used mental health services. Those who had a COVID-19-associated death had previously rated worse across a range of health and social problems, including mental health related problems. Our findings evidence the need to urgently explore whether mental and behavioural disorders should also be considered a health risk factor for a more severe outcome from COVID-19 infection in older people.

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          Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science

          Emily A. Holmes, Rory C O'Connor, V. Perry … (2020)
          Summary The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries.
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            Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020

            Jantien Backer, Don Klinkenberg, Jacco Wallinga (2020)
            A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing an outbreak of viral pneumonia that started in Wuhan, China. Using the travel history and symptom onset of 88 confirmed cases that were detected outside Wuhan in the early outbreak phase, we estimate the mean incubation period to be 6.4 days (95% credible interval: 5.6–7.7), ranging from 2.1 to 11.1 days (2.5th to 97.5th percentile). These values should help inform 2019-nCoV case definitions and appropriate quarantine durations.
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              Contributions of specific causes of death to lost life expectancy in severe mental illness

              N Jayatilleke, R.D. Hayes, R. Dutta … (2017)
              The life expectancy gap between people with severe mental illness (SMI) and the general population persists and may even be widening. This study aimed to estimate contributions of specific causes of death to the gap. Age of death and primary cause of death were used to estimate life expectancy at birth for people with SMI from a large mental healthcare case register during 2007-2012. Using data for England and Wales in 2010, death rates in the SMI cohort for each primary cause of death category were replaced with gender- and age-specific norms for that cause. Life expectancy in SMI was then re-calculated and, thus, the contribution of that specific cause of death estimated. Natural causes accounted for 79.2% of lost life-years in women with SMI and 78.6% in men. Deaths from circulatory disorders accounted for more life-years lost in women than men (22.0% versus 17.4%, respectively), as did deaths from cancer (8.1% versus 0%), but the contribution from respiratory disorders was lower in women than men (13.7% versus 16.5%). For women, cancer contributed more in those with non-affective than affective disorders, while suicide, respiratory and digestive disorders contributed more in those with affective disorders. In men, respiratory disorders contributed more in non-affective disorders. Other contributions were similar between gender and affective/non-affective groups. Loss of life expectancy in people with SMI is accounted for by a broad range of causes of death, varying by gender and diagnosis. Interventions focused on multiple rather than individual causes of death should be prioritised accordingly.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BJPsych Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BJPsych Open
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BJO
                Title: BJPsych Open
                Publisher: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, UK )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2056-4724
                Publication date (Electronic, collection): September 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 September 2020
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e101
                Affiliations
                [1]Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust; and University of Hertfordshire , UK
                [2]Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust; and University of Hertfordshire , UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Billy Boland. Email: billy.boland@ 123456nhs.net
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3267-3299
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2056472420000873
                DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.87
                PMC ID: 7468682
                PubMed ID: 32878679
                SO-VID: 26a1d0d6-4a3e-4038-b656-7eca166f5d7f
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 16 June 2020
                Date revision received : 16 July 2020
                Date accepted : 03 August 2020
                Page count
                Tables: 1, References: 11, Pages: 3
                Categories
                Subject: Short Report

                Keywords: comorbidity,dementia,mortality,rating scales,covid-19
                Data availability:
                Keywords: comorbidity, dementia, mortality, rating scales, covid-19

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