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      Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12): o efeito de itens negativos em sua estrutura fatorial Translated title: General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): the effect of negative items in its factorial structure

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          Abstract

          O Questionário de Saúde Geral (QSG-12) detecta doenças psiquiátricas não severas. Embora comumente tratado como um índice geral, a definição de sua estrutura fatorial suscita debates. Este trabalho objetivou testar tal estrutura, comparando três modelos: dois frequentemente citados na literatura (uni e bifatorial) e um terceiro, também unifatorial, que controla o viés de resposta devido à redação dos itens. Participaram 1.180 pessoas (300 estudantes universitários; 311 policiais militares; 274 professores do ensino fundamental; e 295 membros da população em geral), que responderam ao QSG-12 e perguntas demográficas. Análises fatoriais confirmatórias apontaram que a estrutura unifatorial, controlando o efeito dos itens negativos, reuniu os melhores índices de ajuste, excetuando entre os militares. Essa estrutura apresentou consistência interna superior a 0,80 em todos os grupos. Concluiu-se que o QSG-12 é mais adequado como unifatorial, embora se indique a necessidade de estudos futuros com pessoas de profissões e níveis de saúde mental diferentes.

          Translated abstract

          The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) detects non severe psychiatric illnesses. Although commonly treated as a general index, the definition of its factorial structure is cause for debate. This study aimed to test this structure comparing three models: two frequently cited in the literature (one- and t bi- factorial) and a third, also one-factor, which controls response bias due to the negative wording of items. A total of 1,180 people participated (300 undergraduates, 311 military policemen, 274 elementary school teachers and 295 members of the general population) answering the GHQ-12 and demographic questions. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the one-factor structure, controlling by the wording effect, gathered the best fit indexes, except among the military. This structure showed greater than0.80 reliability in all groups. It was concluded that the one-factor model of the GHQ-12 is more appropriate, however, future studies are required with people with different occupations and levels of mental health.

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          Using Mutivariate Statistics

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            Society and the Adolescent Self-Image.

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              The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12): translation and validation study of the Iranian version

              Background The objective of this study was to translate and to test the reliability and validity of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in Iran. Methods Using a standard 'forward-backward' translation procedure, the English language version of the questionnaire was translated into Persian (Iranian language). Then a sample of young people aged 18 to 25 years old completed the questionnaire. In addition, a short questionnaire containing demographic questions and a single measure of global quality of life was administered. To test reliability the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Validity was performed using convergent validity. Finally, the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing principal component analysis using oblique factor solution. Results In all 748 young people entered into the study. The mean age of respondents was 21.1 (SD = 2.1) years. Employing the recommended method of scoring (ranging from 0 to 12), the mean GHQ score was 3.7 (SD = 3.5). Reliability analysis showed satisfactory result (Cronbach's alpha coefficient = 0.87). Convergent validity indicated a significant negative correlation between the GHQ-12 and global quality of life scores as expected (r = -0.56, P < 0.0001). The principal component analysis with oblique rotation solution showed that the GHQ-12 was a measure of psychological morbidity with two-factor structure that jointly accounted for 51% of the variance. Conclusion The study findings showed that the Iranian version of the GHQ-12 has a good structural characteristic and is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used for measuring psychological well being in Iran.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csp
                Cadernos de Saúde Pública
                Cad. Saúde Pública
                Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-4464
                February 2012
                : 28
                : 2
                : 375-384
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil
                [2 ] Centro Universitário de João Pessoa Brazil
                Article
                S0102-311X2012000200016
                26bc0856-a2b8-4a61-83de-df11102cfbcf

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0102-311X&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Mental Health,Statistical Bias,Questionnaires,Validity of Tests,Saúde Mental,Viés Estatístico,Questionários,Validade dos Testes

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