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      The impact of sociodemographic conditions on quality of life among adolescents in a Brazilian birth cohort: a longitudinal study Translated title: La repercusión de las condiciones sociodemográficas sobre la calidad de vida de los adolescentes en una cohorte de nacimiento en el Brasil: un estudio longitudinal

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between certain aspects of self-reported Quality of Life (QoL) in early adolescence, and gender, skin color, maternal education at birth, and changes in socioeconomic position (SEP) occurring from 0-11 years of age. METHODS: A longitudinal study of a birth cohort composed of 5 249 individuals born in 1993 in Pelotas, Brazil, who were followed periodically from birth to age 11. Socioeconomic variables were collected at birth in 1993, and again, in 2004. The following eight variables were analyzed: relationship with mother, relationship with father, family conflicts, physical punishment by parents, family relationship problems, discrimination, academic failure, and fear of neighborhood of residence. Adjustments were made using a hierarchical model. RESULTS: Skin color was related to all the variables (more so for nonwhites than for whites), except in family conflicts. Physical punishment and academic failure were more frequent in males. Discrimination and fear of neighborhood were more prevalent in females. Maternal education at birth was inversely associated, especially with failing/repeating a grade in school(19.5 times more frequent in the lower maternal education group than in the highest). A similar pattern was found with the SEP change: worse QoL in the group that was always poor (at birth and at 11 years of age) than in the group that was never poor. Fear of neighborhood was not related to maternal education or SEP change. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, skin color, maternal education, and SEP change were related to various measured aspects of QoL. These results should be considered in policymaking that seeks to minimize inequities at birth, across the life-course, and for future generations.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: Evaluar la correlación que existe entre ciertos aspectos autonotificados de la calidad de vida en la adolescencia temprana y el género, el color de la piel, la escolaridad materna en el momento del nacimiento y los cambios de situación socioeconómica que ocurren entre el nacimiento y los 11 años. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo un estudio longitudinal de una cohorte de nacimiento compuesta por 5 249 personas nacidas en 1993 en Pelotas (Brasil) a las cuales se les realizó un seguimiento periódico desde el nacimiento hasta los 11 años. Las variables socioeconómicas se recogieron al momento del nacimiento en 1993 y nuevamente en el 2004. Se analizaron las siguientes ocho variables: la relación con la madre, la relación con el padre, los conflictos familiares, el castigo físico infligido por los padres, los problemas de las relaciones familiares, la discriminación, el fracaso académico y el temor al vecindario de residencia. Se realizaron ajustes mediante el uso de un modelo jerárquico. RESULTADOS: El color de la piel se relacionó con todas las variables (aún más en las personas que no eran blancas que en las blancas), con la excepción de los conflictos familiares. El castigo físico y el fracaso académico fueron más frecuentes en los hombres. La discriminación y el temor al vecindario fueron más prevalentes en las mujeres. La escolaridad materna en el momento del nacimiento presentó una relación inversa, especialmente con respecto a la pérdida o la repetición de un año escolar (19,5 veces más frecuente en el grupo con escolaridad materna más baja que en el grupo con la mayor escolaridad). Se encontró un perfil similar con los cambios de situación socioeconómica: una calidad de vida inferior en el grupo que siempre fue pobre (al nacimiento y a los 11 años de edad), en comparación con la del grupo que nunca lo fue. El temor al vecindario no se relacionó con la escolaridad materna ni con la variación de la situación socioeconómica. CONCLUSIONES: El sexo, el color de la piel, la escolaridad de la madre y los cambios de situación socioeconómica se relacionaron con varios aspectos de la calidad de vida que se evaluaron. Es importante considerar estos resultados cuando se formulen las políticas que tienen por objeto reducir al mínimo la falta de equidad al nacimiento, a lo largo de la vida y en las generaciones futuras.

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            Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts.

            In this chapter we review theoretical and empirical advances in research on adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. First, we identify several trends in current research, including the current emphasis on ecological models and the focus on diversity in and relational models of adolescent development. Next, we discuss recent research on interpersonal relationships, with an eye toward identifying major research themes and findings. Research on adolescents' relationships with parents, siblings, other relatives, peers, and romantic partners, and adolescents' involvement in community and society is reviewed. Future directions in research on adolescent development are discussed.
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              Use of race and ethnicity in biomedical publication.

              Researchers, clinicians, and policy makers face 3 challenges in writing about race and ethnicity: accounting for the limitations of race/ethnicity data; distinguishing between race/ethnicity as a risk factor or as a risk marker; and finding a way to write about race/ethnicity that does not stigmatize and does not imply a we/they dichotomy between health professionals and populations of color. Journals play an important role in setting standards for research and policy literature. The authors outline guidelines that might be used when race and ethnicity are addressed in biomedical publications.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                August 2010
                : 28
                : 2
                : 71-79
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameFederal University of Pelotas Brazil
                Article
                S1020-49892010000800001 S1020-4989(10)02800201
                10.1590/s1020-49892010000800001
                27637e61-0ee8-4ee3-a17b-e15e5e0c9374

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 June 2010
                : 11 January 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 46, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Articles

                poverty,Calidad de vida,adolescente,Quality of life,Brazil,pobreza,cohort studies,adolescent,longitudinal studies,socioeconomic factors,Brasil,estudios longitudinales,estudios de cohortes,factores socioeconómicos

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