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      Validación y desarrollo de ecuaciones predictoras de peso para caballos iberoamericanos en Costa Rica Translated title: Validation and determination of equations prediction weight for Ibero-American horses in Costa Rica

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. Una limitante en los sistemas de producción es el pesaje de los animales, actividad que se realiza de forma empírica o con el uso de cintas de estimación de peso que generan sobre-estimaciones. Objetivo. El objetivo fue validar en caballos iberoamericanos catorce ecuaciones predictoras de peso y desarrollar propias de la raza para Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó entre los meses de septiembre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. Se tomaron las medidas alométricas de peso (kg), longitud (cm), altura a la cruz (cm), perímetro torácico (cm), perímetro umbilical (cm) y edad (meses) de 152 animales (machos y hembras), registrados en la Asociación Centroamericana de Criadores de Caballos de raza iberoamericana. Producto del análisis de la información, se desarrolló una curva de crecimiento para machos (y = 94,54 ln(X) 6 47,14; R2=0,858) y hembras (y=82,09 ln(x)+86,81; R2=0,744). Resultados. De las ecuaciones evaluadas, se determinó que doce permitieron predecir el peso del animal cuando es un potro (p<0,05), cinco cuando se considera joven (p<0,05), seis cuando está en proceso de doma (p<0,05) y seis cuando es adulto (p<0,05). Se determinaron sobre-estimaciones de peso de los animales entre 29,84 y 168,17 kg de peso vivo, según la ecuación utilizada. De igual manera, las ecuaciones desarrolladas hacen uso de las medidas corporales y edad de los animales, con sobre-estimaciones de peso entre 0,67 y 2,17 kg por animal, lo que permitió tener una mejor predicción del peso y así, mejorar la determinación de los requerimientos nutricionales, dosificaciones de productos veterinarios y el manejo de los animales. Conclusión. Se generaron dos ecuaciones que permitieron estimar el peso del caballo iberoamericano, como también se descartaron las ecuaciones disponibles en la literatura, que no permitieron una estimación del peso según la etapa productiva del animal.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. A limitation in production systems is the weighing of animal, an activity that is performed empirically or with the use of weight estimation tapes which generate overestimates. Objective. The objective was to validate fourteen weigh predictive equations in Ibero-American horses, and develop the breed’s own equations for Costa Rica. Material and methods. The investigation was carried out between the months of September 2016 and March 2017. Allometrics measurements of weight (kg), length (cm), height at the withers (cm), thoracic perimeter (cm), umbilical perimeter (cm), and age (months) of 152 animals (male and female) registered in the Asociación Centroamericana de Criadores de Caballos de raza iberoamericana, were taken. As a result on the analysis of the information, a growth curve was developed for males (y= 94.54 ln(X) 6 47.14; R2=0.858) and females (y=82.09 ln(x)+86.81; R2=0.744). Results. From the equations evaluated, it was determined that twelve allowed to predict the weight of the animal when it is a colt (p<0.05), five when it is considered young (p<0.05), six when it is in the process of dressage (p<0.05), and six it when it is adult (p<0.05).According to the equation used, weight overestimates of animals between 29.84kg and 168.17kg live weight were determined. Similarly, the developed equations make use of the body measurements and age of the animals, with overestimates of weight between 0.67 and 2.17 kg per animal, which allowed having a better weight prediction and thus improving the determination of the nutritional requirements, dosages of veterinary products, and the handling of the animals. Conclusion. Two equations were generated to estimate the weight of the Ibero-American horses, as well as discarding the equations available in the literature, which did not allow an estimation of the weight according to the productive stage of the animal.

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          The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses.

          The horse was domesticated only 5.5 KYA, thousands of years after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The horse nonetheless represents the domestic animal that most impacted human history; providing us with rapid transportation, which has considerably changed the speed and magnitude of the circulation of goods and people, as well as their cultures and diseases. By revolutionizing warfare and agriculture, horses also deeply influenced the politico-economic trajectory of human societies. Reciprocally, human activities have circled back on the recent evolution of the horse, by creating hundreds of domestic breeds through selective programs, while leading all wild populations to near extinction. Despite being tightly associated with humans, several aspects in the evolution of the domestic horse remain controversial. Here, we review recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics that helped advance our understanding of the genetic foundation of domestic horses.
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            Estimation of body weight and development of a body weight score for adult equids using morphometric measurements.

            Excessive BW has become a major health issue in the equine (Equus caballus) industry. The objectives were to determine if the addition of neck circumference and height improved existing BW estimation equations, to develop an equation for estimation of ideal BW, and to develop a method for assessing the likelihood of being overweight in adult equids. Six hundred and twenty-nine adult horses and ponies who met the following criteria were measured and weighed at 2 horse shows in September 2011 in Minnesota: age ≥ 3 yr, height ≥ 112 cm, and nonpregnant. Personnel assessed BCS on a scale of 1 to 9 and measured wither height at the third thoracic vertebra, body length from the point of shoulder to the point of the buttock, neck and girth circumference, and weight using a portable livestock scale. Individuals were grouped into breed types on the basis of existing knowledge and were confirmed with multivariate ANOVA analysis of morphometric measurements. Equations for estimated and ideal BW were developed using linear regression modeling. For estimated BW, the model was fit using all individuals and all morphometric measurements. For ideal BW, the model was fit using individuals with a BCS of 5; breed type, height, and body length were considered as these measurements are not affected by adiposity. A BW score to assess the likelihood of being overweight was developed by fitting a proportional odds logistic regression model on BCS using the difference between ideal and estimated BW, the neck to height ratio, and the girth to height ratio as predictors; this score was then standardized using the data from individuals with a BCS of 5. Breed types included Arabian, stock, and pony. Mean (± SD) BCS was 5.6 ± 0.9. BW (kg) was estimated by taking [girth (cm)(1.48)6 × length (cm)(0.554) × height (cm)(0.599) × neck (cm)(0.173)]/3,596, 3,606, and 3,441 for Arabians, ponies, and stock horses, respectively (R(2) = 0.92; mean-squared error (MSE) = 22 kg). Ideal BW (kg) was estimated by taking [length (cm) × 2.8] + [height (cm) × 4.2] - 611, 606, and 577 for Arabians, ponies, and stock horses, respectively (R(2) = 0.86; MSE = 24). Equids with a BCS of ≥ 7 had a greater likelihood of being overweight, and the model suggested cutoffs at the 48th and 83rd percentiles for underweight and overweight individuals, respectively. Morphometric measurements were successfully used to develop equid BW-related equations.
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              Live weight estimation by chest girth, body length and body volume formula in minahasa local horse

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                am
                Agronomía Mesoamericana
                Agron. Mesoam
                Universidad de Costa Rica. Programa Cooperativo Centroamericano para el Mejoramiento Cultivos y Animales (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1659-1321
                2215-3608
                August 2019
                : 30
                : 2
                : 469-481
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameCriadero Los Tres Potrillos Costa Rica
                [2] orgnameUniversidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica
                Article
                S1659-13212019000200469
                10.15517/am.v30i2.33849
                27da4b64-b0eb-4312-a565-d636f26463f6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 July 2018
                : 17 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Artículos

                medición del cuerpo,age,biometry,body measurements,weighing,equine,edad,biometría,pesada,equinos

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