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      A new genus and species of golden coral (Anthozoa, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from the Northwest Atlantic

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          A new genus and species of unbranched golden coral, Flagelligorgia gracilis , is described based on several specimens collected off the southeastern coast of the United States. The genus is provisionally included in the family Chrysogorgiidae , pending molecular confirmation. Flagelligorgia morphologically resembles other unbranched chrysogorgiids, such as Distichogorgia , Chalcogorgia , Helicogorgia and Radicipes , to which it is compared. The type species is illustrated and its distribution mapped.

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          Generelle Morphologie der Organismen

          Ernst Haeckel (1866)
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            Biology of deep-water octocorals.

            Eric Pante, Mary Simpson, Scott France … (2010)
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              Deep-Sea Origin and In-Situ Diversification of Chrysogorgiid Octocorals

              Eric Pante, Scott France, Arnaud Couloux … (2012)
              The diversity, ubiquity and prevalence in deep waters of the octocoral family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883 make it noteworthy as a model system to study radiation and diversification in the deep sea. Here we provide the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Chrysogorgiidae, and compare phylogeny and depth distribution. Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of 14 currently-described Chrysogorgiidae genera were inferred based on mitochondrial (mtMutS, cox1) and nuclear (18S) markers. Bathymetric distribution was estimated from multiple sources, including museum records, a literature review, and our own sampling records (985 stations, 2345 specimens). Genetic analyses suggest that the Chrysogorgiidae as currently described is a polyphyletic family. Shallow-water genera, and two of eight deep-water genera, appear more closely related to other octocoral families than to the remainder of the monophyletic, deep-water chrysogorgiid genera. Monophyletic chrysogorgiids are composed of strictly (Iridogorgia Verrill, 1883, Metallogorgia Versluys, 1902, Radicipes Stearns, 1883, Pseudochrysogorgia Pante & France, 2010) and predominantly (Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) deep-sea genera that diversified in situ. This group is sister to gold corals (Primnoidae Milne Edwards, 1857) and deep-sea bamboo corals (Keratoisidinae Gray, 1870), whose diversity also peaks in the deep sea. Nine species of Chrysogorgia that were described from depths shallower than 200 m, and mtMutS haplotypes sequenced from specimens sampled as shallow as 101 m, suggest a shallow-water emergence of some Chrysogorgia species.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Zookeys
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Zookeys
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ZooKeys
                Title: ZooKeys
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Print): 1313-2989
                ISSN (Electronic): 1313-2970
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 April 2017
                Issue: 668
                Pages: 1-10
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA
                [2 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Stephen D. Cairns ( cairnss@ 123456si.edu )

                Academic editor: B.W. Hoeksema

                Article
                DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.668.12203
                PMC ID: 5538003
                SO-VID: 27f738ac-7a3b-4e1c-870f-65410ada5e62
                Copyright © Stephen D. Cairns, Ralf T. S. Cordeiro
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 9 February 2017
                Date accepted : 2 April 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: flagelligorgia gracilis,unbranched octocoral,biserial polyp arrangement,radicipes,southeastern usa,animalia,alcyonacea,chrysogorgiidae
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Animal science & Zoology
                Keywords: flagelligorgia gracilis, unbranched octocoral, biserial polyp arrangement, radicipes, southeastern usa, animalia, alcyonacea, chrysogorgiidae

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