Knowledge and Distrust May Go a Long Way in the Battle With Disinformation: Mental Processes of Spontaneous Disbelief

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Abstract

A common claim is that people have an easier time accepting information than rejecting it, resulting in gullibility. In this article, I review empirical research demonstrating how the human mind is equipped with successful and spontaneous rejection processes that may protect us from disinformation.

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Most cited references 23

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Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.

Joshua Klayman, Young-won Ha (1987)

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Planting misinformation in the human mind: a 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory.

E Loftus (2005)

The misinformation effect refers to the impairment in memory for the past that arises after exposure to misleading information. The phenomenon has been investigated for at least 30 years, as investigators have addressed a number of issues. These include the conditions under which people are especially susceptible to the negative impact of misinformation, and conversely when are they resistant. Warnings about the potential for misinformation sometimes work to inhibit its damaging effects, but only under limited circumstances. The misinformation effect has been observed in a variety of human and nonhuman species. And some groups of individuals are more susceptible than others. At a more theoretical level, investigators have explored the fate of the original memory traces after exposure to misinformation appears to have made them inaccessible. This review of the field ends with a brief discussion of the newer work involving misinformation that has explored the processes by which people come to believe falsely that they experienced rich complex events that never, in fact, occurred.

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How mental systems believe.

Daniel Gilbert (1991)

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Current Directions in Psychological Science

Abbreviated Title: Curr Dir Psychol Sci

Publisher: SAGE Publications

ISSN (Print): 0963-7214

ISSN (Electronic): 1467-8721

Publication date Created: June 06 2019

Publication date Created: August 2019

Publication date (Electronic): June 06 2019

Publication date (Print): August 2019

Volume: 28

Issue: 4

Pages: 409-414

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Article

DOI: 10.1177/0963721419847998

SO-VID: 28048628-e8e3-49a8-9a58-b9fa6573fa2a

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http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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Knowledge and Distrust May Go a Long Way in the Battle With Disinformation: Mental Processes of Spontaneous Disbelief

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Most cited references 23

Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing.

Planting misinformation in the human mind: a 30-year investigation of the malleability of memory.

How mental systems believe.

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