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      • Record: found
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      Is Open Access

      Single-nucleotide polymorphisms among microRNA: big effects on cancer

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          Abstract

          MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Many miRNAs are found to play a significant role in cancer development either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes. Examination of tumor-specific miRNA expression profiles in diverse cancers has revealed widespread deregulation of these molecules, whose loss and overexpression respectively have diagnostic and prognostic significance. Genetic variations, mostly single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA sequences or their target sites, have been found to be associated with many kinds of cancers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of miRNAs including their biogenesis and role in cancer development, and finally, how SNPs among miRNAs affect miRNA biogenesis and contribute to cancer.

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          An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans.

          N. Lau, L. P. Lim, E G Weinstein … (2001)
          Two small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), lin-4 and let-7, control developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that these two regulatory RNAs are members of a large class of 21- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs). We report on 55 previously unknown miRNAs in C. elegans. The miRNAs have diverse expression patterns during development: a let-7 paralog is temporally coexpressed with let-7; miRNAs encoded in a single genomic cluster are coexpressed during embryogenesis; and still other miRNAs are expressed constitutively throughout development. Potential orthologs of several of these miRNA genes were identified in Drosophila and human genomes. The abundance of these tiny RNAs, their expression patterns, and their evolutionary conservation imply that, as a class, miRNAs have broad regulatory functions in animals.
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            MicroRNA biogenesis: coordinated cropping and dicing.

            V Kim (2005)
            The recent discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) took many by surprise because of their unorthodox features and widespread functions. These tiny, approximately 22-nucleotide, RNAs control several pathways including developmental timing, haematopoiesis, organogenesis, apoptosis, cell proliferation and possibly even tumorigenesis. Among the most pressing questions regarding this unusual class of regulatory miRNA-encoding genes is how miRNAs are produced in cells and how the genes themselves are controlled by various regulatory networks.
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              Identification of mammalian microRNA host genes and transcription units.

              Antony Rodriguez, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Jennifer Ashurst … (2004)
              To derive a global perspective on the transcription of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mammals, we annotated the genomic position and context of this class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the human and mouse genomes. Of the 232 known mammalian miRNAs, we found that 161 overlap with 123 defined transcription units (TUs). We identified miRNAs within introns of 90 protein-coding genes with a broad spectrum of molecular functions, and in both introns and exons of 66 mRNA-like noncoding RNAs (mlncRNAs). In addition, novel families of miRNAs based on host gene identity were identified. The transcription patterns of all miRNA host genes were curated from a variety of sources illustrating spatial, temporal, and physiological regulation of miRNA expression. These findings strongly suggest that miRNAs are transcribed in parallel with their host transcripts, and that the two different transcription classes of miRNAs ('exonic' and 'intronic') identified here may require slightly different mechanisms of biogenesis.
              Article 0 comments Cited 608 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chin J Cancer
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chin J Cancer
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CJC
                Title: Chinese Journal of Cancer
                Publisher: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
                ISSN (Print): 1000-467X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1944-446X
                Publication date (Print): June 2011
                Volume: 30
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 381-391
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China;
                [2 ]Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Ke-Xin Chen, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Tianjin 300060, P. R. China. Tel: +86-22-23372231; Email: chenkexin 1963@ 123456yahoo.com .
                Article
                Publisher ID: cjc-30-06-381
                DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10142
                PMC ID: 4013412
                PubMed ID: 21627860
                SO-VID: 285ead3f-496c-47ef-9799-21150faff535
                Copyright © Chinese Journal of Cancer
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which allows readers to alter, transform, or build upon the article and then distribute the resulting work under the same or similar license to this one. The work must be attributed back to the original author and commercial use is not permitted without specific permission.

                History
                Date received : 6 April 2011
                Date revision received : 10 May 2011
                Date accepted : 10 May 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: breast cancer,microrna,target sequence,snp,cancer risk
                Data availability:
                Keywords: breast cancer, microrna, target sequence, snp, cancer risk

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