Serum VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 measurement assists for MACE risk estimation in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients

Abstract

Background

Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) modulate atherosclerosis by promoting leukocyte infiltration, neutrophil recruitment, endothelial cell proliferation, etc., which may directly or indirectly facilitate the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This study intended to investigate the value of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 for predicting MACE in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.

Methods

Totally, 373 STEMI patients receiving the percutaneous coronary intervention and 50 health controls (HCs) were included. Serum VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, MACE was recorded during a median follow‐up of 18 (range: 1–46) months in STEMI patients.

Results

Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 and ICAM‐1 were raised in STEMI patients compared with HCs (both p < 0.001). VCAM‐1 ( p = 0.002) and ICAM‐1 ( p = 0.012) high were linked with raised accumulating MACE rate in STEMI patients. Notably, VCAM‐1 high (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.339, p = 0.031), age ≥ 65 years (HR = 2.019, p = 0.039), history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (HR = 2.395, p = 0.011), C‐reactive protein (CRP) ≥ 5 mg/L (HR = 2.550, p = 0.012), multivessel disease (HR = 2.561, p = 0.007) independently predicted MACE risk in STEMI patients. Furthermore, a nomogram‐based prediction model combining these factors was established, exhibiting an acceptable value for estimating 1, 2, and 3‐year MACE risk, with AUC of 0.764, 0.716, and 0.778, respectively, in STEMI patients.

Conclusion

This study confirms the value of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 measurement in predicting MACE risk in STEMI patients. Moreover, VCAM‐1 plus other traditional prognostic factors (such as age, history of DM, CRP, and multivessel disease) cloud further improve the predictive accuracy of MACE risk in STEMI patients.

Abstract

This study intended to investigate the value of Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Serum VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 from 373 STEMI patients and 50 health controls (HCs) were detected by ELISA. Meanwhile, MACE was recorded during a median follow‐up of 18 (range: 1–46) months. It was observed that VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 were raised in STEMI patients compared with HCs. In STEMI patients, VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 high were linked with raised accumulating MACE rate. Notably, VCAM‐1 high and other traditional prognostic factors independently predicted MACE risk. Furthermore, a nomogram‐based prediction model combining these factors assisted in estimating MACE risk. Conclusively, this study confirms the value of VCAM‐1 and ICAM‐1 in predicting MACE risk. Moreover, VCAM‐1 plus other traditional prognostic factors further improve the predictive accuracy of MACE risk in STEMI patients.