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      Analyse funktioneller Domänen von SEC71 und SEC72 im posttranslationalen Translokationsprozeß von Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit analysiert funktionelle Domänen von Sec71p und Sec72p, zwei Komponenten des posttranslationalen Transports in das ER von Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Die Kombination von Nullmutanten von SEC71, SEC72 und SBH1 führte zu den letalen Doppeldeletionsmutanten -sec71/-sbh1 und -sec72/-sbh1. Beide Hefestämme zeigen starke Akkumulation von Präkursoren verschiedener Transportsubstrate in vivo und in vitro. Ausgehend von den letalen Doppeldeletionsstämmen war es möglich, für die Funktion von Sec71p und Sec72p wesentliche Domänen zu bestimmen. Der cytosolische Bereich von Position 120-160 des Sec71p ist ausreichend für die Assoziation mit Sec62p und bildet außerdem einen Teil der Sec72p-Bindungsdomäne. Der sich anschließende C-terminale Bereich von 46 Aminosäuren ist ebenfalls ein Teil der Sec72p-Bindungsdomäne. Jede Teildomäne für sich kann Sec72p eingeschränkt anlagern, zusammen binden sie Sec72p Hochsalz-resistent und Alkali-beständig. Sowohl eine C-terminale Verkürzung von Sec71p bis Position 160, als auch eine Sec71p-Variante ohne Membrananker und luminalen Teil können Sec71p funktionell ersetzen. Fusionsproteine von cytosolischen Bereichen des Sec71p und dem Membrananker des P450 aus Candida maltosa können es nicht. Der Membrananker von Sec71p ist somit nicht essentiell, kann aber auch nicht durch einen beliebigen Membrananker ersetzt werden. Eine Sequenzanalyse von Sec72p identifizierte im C-Terminus von Sec72p eine potentielle TPR-Domäne. TPR-Domänen sind Bestanteile von Protein-Interaktionen, unter anderem auch im Protein-Targetingmechanismus von Mitochondrien und Peroxisomen. Es lag daher nahe, nach cytosolischen Interaktionspartnern von Sec72p zu suchen, die Teil eines posttranslationalen Targetingmechanismus sein könnten. Die Ergebnisse photochemischer Quervernetzungsexperimente werden genauso vorgestellt, wie die eines Screens zur Identifizierung synthetisch letaler Mutanten. Durch Coimmunpräzipitationen wurde gezeigt, daß in Abwesenheit von Sec71p, Sec72p und Sbh1p die Assoziation von Sec61p mit Sec62p nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Die hier präsentierten Daten in Kombination mit anderen Ergebnissen führen zu der Hypothese, daß Sec71p/Sec72p zusammen mit Sbh1p eine essentielle Funktion während eines frühen Schrittes der posttranslationalen Translokation ausüben. Wegen der möglichen gegenseitigen Komplementation wurden die drei Proteine bisher in genetischen Screens jedoch nie als essentiell für den posttranslationalen Transportprozeß gefunden.

          Abstract

          Abstract This work is focused on the functional domains of Sec71p and Sec72p. These proteins are components of the posttranslational transport complex of the ER in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Deletion mutants of SEC71, SEC72 or SBH1 are viable. However the deletion of two genes - either SEC71 and SBH1 or SEC72 and SBH1 resulted in a lethal phenotyp. Both double deletion strains accumulate different transport substrats in vivo and in vitro. Exploiting the lethal strains it was possible to investigate the function of special domains of Sec71p and Sec72p in detail. The cytosolic part of Sec71p from amino acid (aa) 120 to 160 is sufficient for the association of Sec71p with Sec62p. It is also part of the Sec72p binding domain since it binds Sec72p weakly. A tight association (resistant to high salt and alkaline pH) is achived by the additional interaction of Sec72p with the C-terminal aa 160-206 of Sec71p. The C-terminal truncation of Sec71p up to aa 160 is able to rescue a -sec71/-sbh1 deletion strain. Even a Sec71p-variation without the luminal part and membrane anchor can functionaly replace the wt-protein whereas fussion proteins of different cytosolic parts of Sec71p with a transmembrane domain of P450 of Candida maltosa are not able to do it. The transmembrane domain of Sec71p seems not to be essential for proteins function. A membrane anchor of a different protein abolishes the correct interaction of Sec71p with its partners of the translocon. A sequence analysis of SEC72 identified a C-terminal domain with similarity to a TPR-domain. TPR-domains mediat protein interactions and they participate for instance in the targeting of proteins to the mitochondria or peroxisomes. Therefore we searched for cytosolic interaction partners of Sec72p. The results of photoreactive crosslinking studies and of a screen for synthetic lethality are presented in this work. By co-immunoprecipitation we showed that the association between Sec61p and Sec62p is not altered in the abscence of Sec71p, Sec72p and Sbh1p. The results presented herein combined with other data gave rise to the hypothesis that Sec71p/Sec72p together with Sbh1p are essential for an early step of the posttranslational translocation. Because of their overlapping functions neither one of them was found to be essential for the posttranslational transport in former genetic screens.

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          Most cited references71

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          Studies on the transformation of intact yeast cells by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG procedure.

          An improved lithium acetate (LiAc)/single-stranded DNA (SS-DNA)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) protocol which yields > 1 x 10(6) transformants/micrograms plasmid DNA and the original protocol described by Schiestl and Gietz (1989) were used to investigate aspects of the mechanism of LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation. The highest transformation efficiency was observed when 1 x 10(8) cells were transformed with 100 ng plasmid DNA in the presence of 50 micrograms SS carrier DNA. The yield of transformants increased linearly up to 5 micrograms plasmid per transformation. A 20-min heat shock at 42 degrees C was necessary for maximal yields. PEG was found to deposit both carrier DNA and plasmid DNA onto cells. SS carrier DNA bound more effectively to the cells and caused tighter binding of 32P-labelled plasmid DNA than did double-stranded (DS) carrier. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG transformation method did not result in cell fusion. DS carrier DNA competed with DS vector DNA in the transformation reaction. SS plasmid DNA transformed cells poorly in combination with both SS and DS carrier DNA. The LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method was shown to be more effective than other treatments known to make cells transformable. A model for the mechanism of transformation by the LiAc/SS-DNA/PEG method is discussed.
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              Protein translocation into proteoliposomes reconstituted from purified components of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

              We have reproduced the process of protein transport across and of protein integration into the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum membrane by the use of proteoliposomes reconstituted from pure phospholipids and purified membrane proteins. The transport of some proteins requires only two membrane protein complexes: the signal recognition particle receptor, needed for targeting of a nascent chain to the membrane, and a novel complex, the Sec61p complex, that consists of Sec61p and two smaller polypeptides. The translocation of other proteins also needs the presence of the translocating chain-association membrane (TRAM) protein. The integration of two membrane proteins of different topologies into the membrane does not require additional components. These results indicate a surprising simplicity of the basic translocation machinery. They suggest that the Sec61p complex binds the ribosome during translocation and forms the postulated protein-conducting channel.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Humboldt-Universität (kvv )
                29 March 2000
                31 July 2002
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I
                Article
                oai:HUBerlin.de:10281
                2894cc26-f145-4233-bc35-e5b3bfdc5509
                History

                Biologie,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Posttranslationaler Transport,SEC71,SEC72,Posttranslational transport,Biowissenschaften, Biologie,WE 5400

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