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      Trends of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity Among Japanese Schoolchildren From 2003 to 2012, Defined by Body Mass Index and Percentage Overweight Cutoffs

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          Abstract

          Background

          We investigated the prevalence and trends of underweight and overweight/obesity in a population-based sample of Japanese schoolchildren from 2003 to 2012, defined by body mass index (BMI) and percentage overweight (POW).

          Methods

          Subjects comprised fourth and seventh graders from the town of Ina, Japan, from 2003 to 2012. The height and weight of each subject were measured. Children were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight/obese using two criteria: BMI cutoff points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force and cutoffs based on POW in Japan.

          Results

          Data from 4367 fourth graders and 3724 seventh graders were analyzed. The prevalence of underweight and overweight as defined by POW criteria were lower than those based on BMI criteria. There was a decrease in the prevalence of overweight among fourth-grade boys and girls and seventh-grade girls according to BMI; this decrease was also observed when POW criteria were used for the definition of overweight.

          Conclusions

          The prevalence and trends of both underweight and overweight as defined by POW were underestimated among Japanese schoolchildren compared to those determined using BMI. The results of this study also suggest that trends in underweight and overweight/obesity using POW criteria are similar to those based on BMI criteria among schoolchildren in Japan.

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          Most cited references23

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          Worldwide trends in childhood overweight and obesity.

          Youfa Wang, Tim Lobstein (2005)
          Obesity has become a global epidemic but our understanding of the problem in children is limited due to lack of comparable representative data from different countries, and varying criteria for defining obesity. This paper summarises the available information on recent trends in child overweight and obesity prevalence. PubMed was searched for data relating to trends over time, in papers published between January 1980 and October 2005. Additional studies identified by citations in retrieved papers and by consultation with experts were included. Data for trends over time were found for school-age populations in 25 countries and for pre-school populations in 42 countries. Using these reports, and data collected for the World Health Organization's Burden of Disease Program, we estimated the global prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-age children for 2006 and likely prevalence levels for 2010. The prevalence of childhood overweight has increased in almost all countries for which data are available. Exceptions are found among school-age children in Russia and to some extent Poland during the 1990s. Exceptions are also found among infant and pre-school children in some lower-income countries. Obesity and overweight has increased more dramatically in economically developed countries and in urbanized populations. There is a growing global childhood obesity epidemic, with a large variation in secular trends across countries. Effective programs and policies are needed at global, regional and national levels to limit the problem among children.
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            Trends of obesity and underweight in older children and adolescents in the United States, Brazil, China, and Russia.

            Youfa Wang, Carlos M.C. Monteiro, Barry M. Popkin (2002)
            Few studies have used the same references across countries to examine the trends of over- and underweight in older children and adolescents. Using international references, we examined the trends of overweight and underweight in young persons aged 6-18 y from 4 countries. Nationally representative data from Brazil (1975 and 1997), Russia (1992 and 1998), and the United States (1971-1974 and 1988-1994) and nationwide survey data from China (1991 and 1997) were used. To define overweight, we used the sex- and age-specific body mass index cutoffs recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The sex- and age-specific body mass index fifth percentile from the first US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used to define underweight. The prevalence of overweight increased during the study periods in Brazil (from 4.1 to 13.9), China (from 6.4 to 7.7), and the United States (from 15.4 to 25.6); underweight decreased in Brazil (from 14.8 to 8.6), China (from 14.5 to 13.1), and the United States (from 5.1 to 3.3). In Russia, overweight decreased (from 15.6 to 9.0) and underweight increased (from 6.9 to 8.1). The annual rates of increase in the prevalence of overweight were 0.5% (Brazil), 0.2% (China), -1.1% (Russia), and 0.6% (United States). The burden of nutritional problems is shifting from energy imbalance deficiency to excess among older children and adolescents in Brazil and China. The variations across countries may relate to changes and differences in key environmental factors.
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              Childhood obesity.

              Rajalakshmi Lakshman, Cathy E Elks, Ken Ong (2012)
              Article 0 comments Cited 122 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Epidemiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Epidemiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JE
                Title: Journal of Epidemiology
                Publisher: Japan Epidemiological Association
                ISSN (Print): 0917-5040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1349-9092
                Publication date (Electronic): 5 July 2015
                Publication date (Electronic preprint): 16 May 2015
                Publication date Collection: 2015
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 482-488
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
                [2 ]Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
                [3 ]Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence. Takako Shirasawa, Department of Public Health, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan (e-mail: shirasawa@ 123456med.showa-u.ac.jp ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: JE20140144
                DOI: 10.2188/jea.JE20140144
                PMC ID: 4483374
                PubMed ID: 25986154
                SO-VID: 28b9a405-7849-4d99-ab0f-96aefb4392fd
                Copyright © © 2015 Takako Shirasawa et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 1 August 2014
                Date accepted : 20 January 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article
                Subject: School Health

                Keywords: body mass index,percentage overweight,schoolchildren,secular trends,japanese
                Data availability:
                Keywords: body mass index, percentage overweight, schoolchildren, secular trends, japanese

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