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      Invasion potential of hornets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespa spp.)

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          Abstract

          Hornets are large, predatory wasps that have the potential to alter biotic communities and harm honey bee colonies once established in non-native locations. Mated, diapausing females (gynes) can easily be transported to new habitats, where their behavioral flexibility allows them to found colonies using local food and nest materials. Of the 22 species in the genus Vespa, five species are now naturalized far from their endemic populations and another four have been detected either in nature or during inspections at borders of other countries. By far the most likely pathway of long-distance dispersal is the transport of gynes in transoceanic shipments of goods. Thereafter, natural dispersal of gynes in spring and accidental local transport by humans cause shorter-range expansions and contribute to the invasion process. Propagule pressure of hornets is unquantified, although it is likely low but unrelenting. The success of introduced populations is limited by low propagule size and the consequences of genetic founder effects, including the extinction vortex linked to single-locus, complementary sex determination of most hymenopterans. Invasion success is enhanced by climatic similarity between source locality and introduction site, as well as genetic diversity conferred by polyandry in some species. These and other factors that may have influenced the successful establishment of invasive populations of V. velutina, V. tropica, V. bicolor, V. orientalis, and V. crabro are discussed. The highly publicized detections of V. mandarinia in North America and research into its status provide a real-time example of an unfolding hornet invasion.

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          The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants

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            Species Distribution Models: Ecological Explanation and Prediction Across Space and Time

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              Evolutionary genetics of invasive species

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Insect Sci
                Front Insect Sci
                Front. Insect Sci.
                Frontiers in Insect Science
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                2673-8600
                2673-8600
                09 May 2023
                2023
                : 3
                : 1145158
                Affiliations
                [1] 1 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON, Canada
                [2] 2 Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope , Bern, Switzerland
                [3] 3 Department of Entomology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, United States
                [4] 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College , Wellesley, MA, United States
                Author notes

                Edited by: Xesús Feás, Academy of Veterinary Sciences of Galicia, Spain

                Reviewed by: Simone Lioy, Independent researcher, Turin, Italy; Hannah J. Penn, Agricultural Research Service (USDA), United States; Laura Bortolotti, Council for Agricultural and Economics Research (CREA), Italy

                *Correspondence: Gard W. Otis, gotis@ 123456uoguelph.ca

                †ORCID: Gard W. Otis, orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-9013; Benjamin A. Taylor, orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-0484; Heather R. Mattila, orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-1688

                Article
                10.3389/finsc.2023.1145158
                10926419
                38469472
                29771228-10a2-4b3c-9a75-b0fa1ce2cf40
                Copyright © 2023 Otis, Taylor and Mattila

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 15 January 2023
                : 30 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 282, Pages: 21, Words: 13050
                Funding
                Funded by: Human Frontier Science Program , doi 10.13039/100004412;
                Funded by: Food Safety and Inspection Service , doi 10.13039/100009173;
                Funded by: Wellesley College , doi 10.13039/100005484;
                BT is funded by a USDA APHIS Farm Bill (grant number F.10002248.02.022) and a Human Frontiers in Science Program Postdoctoral fellowship (award code LT0056/2022-L). HM is supported by Faculty and Fiske Awards from Wellesley College. The Wellesley College Open Access Fund paid the article processing charges.
                Categories
                Insect Science
                Review
                Custom metadata
                Invasive Insect Species

                asian hornet,extinction vortex,giant hornet,invasion potential,invasive species,propagule pressure,vespa

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